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Tailoring of the PS surface with low energy ions: Relevance to growth and adhesion of noble metals

Tailoring of the PS surface with low energy ions: Relevance to growth and adhesion of noble metals
Tailoring of the PS surface with low energy ions: Relevance to growth and adhesion of noble metals
Ion–polymer interaction induces different phenomena in the near surface layer of polymers, and promotes its adhesion to metals. Using XPS, TEM and AFM, polystyrene surface was examined after 1 keV ion-beam treatments with oxygen, nitrogen and argon ions in the ion fluence range from 1012 to 1016 cm?2 to clarify the following points: chemical reaction after treatment in vacuum and after exposure to air, identification of adsorption-relevant species for metal atoms, formation of cross-links in the outermost polymer layer. The early stages of metal–polymer interface formation during metallization play a crucial role in the metal–polymer adhesion. Therefore, the influence of the ion fluence and ion chemistry on the condensation of noble metals, film growth and peel strength were measured. The peel strength showed a maximum at a certain fluence depending on ion chemistry. For example, the surface treatment with very low fluence of oxygen ions improved the adhesion between copper and polystyrene by two orders of magnitude without significantly increasing the surface roughness measured with AFM. The locus of failure changed at the same time from interfacial failure for untreated polymer surfaces to cohesive failure in the polymer for modified surfaces. A multilayer model of the metal–polymer interface after ion treatment is suggested.

ion irradiation, polymers, glass transition, x-ray photoelectron spectra–surface analysis
0168-583X
95-102
Zaporojtchenko, V.
0b31e301-6b39-467b-8702-bff5592065fd
Zekonyte, Jurgita
c40df725-5ce3-4692-b638-bbb4d847b5ea
Wille, S.
a25aa823-6388-4fd3-9f27-13b79fcfbe62
Schuermann, U.
5e80efff-9291-4695-8035-8a25a11ae4b3
Faupel, F.
67261d48-5e0c-40e5-9957-dad59695b04b
Zaporojtchenko, V.
0b31e301-6b39-467b-8702-bff5592065fd
Zekonyte, Jurgita
c40df725-5ce3-4692-b638-bbb4d847b5ea
Wille, S.
a25aa823-6388-4fd3-9f27-13b79fcfbe62
Schuermann, U.
5e80efff-9291-4695-8035-8a25a11ae4b3
Faupel, F.
67261d48-5e0c-40e5-9957-dad59695b04b

Zaporojtchenko, V., Zekonyte, Jurgita, Wille, S., Schuermann, U. and Faupel, F. (2005) Tailoring of the PS surface with low energy ions: Relevance to growth and adhesion of noble metals. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 236 (1-4), 95-102. (doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2005.03.261).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Ion–polymer interaction induces different phenomena in the near surface layer of polymers, and promotes its adhesion to metals. Using XPS, TEM and AFM, polystyrene surface was examined after 1 keV ion-beam treatments with oxygen, nitrogen and argon ions in the ion fluence range from 1012 to 1016 cm?2 to clarify the following points: chemical reaction after treatment in vacuum and after exposure to air, identification of adsorption-relevant species for metal atoms, formation of cross-links in the outermost polymer layer. The early stages of metal–polymer interface formation during metallization play a crucial role in the metal–polymer adhesion. Therefore, the influence of the ion fluence and ion chemistry on the condensation of noble metals, film growth and peel strength were measured. The peel strength showed a maximum at a certain fluence depending on ion chemistry. For example, the surface treatment with very low fluence of oxygen ions improved the adhesion between copper and polystyrene by two orders of magnitude without significantly increasing the surface roughness measured with AFM. The locus of failure changed at the same time from interfacial failure for untreated polymer surfaces to cohesive failure in the polymer for modified surfaces. A multilayer model of the metal–polymer interface after ion treatment is suggested.

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More information

Published date: 2005
Keywords: ion irradiation, polymers, glass transition, x-ray photoelectron spectra–surface analysis

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 158483
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/158483
ISSN: 0168-583X
PURE UUID: 33f0a9c0-60c9-40c5-ba42-97d770eee170

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Date deposited: 28 Jun 2010 10:11
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 01:50

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Contributors

Author: V. Zaporojtchenko
Author: Jurgita Zekonyte
Author: S. Wille
Author: U. Schuermann
Author: F. Faupel

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