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Diffusion of water in skeletal muscle tissue is not influenced by compression in a rat model of deep tissue injury

Diffusion of water in skeletal muscle tissue is not influenced by compression in a rat model of deep tissue injury
Diffusion of water in skeletal muscle tissue is not influenced by compression in a rat model of deep tissue injury
Sustained mechanical loading of skeletal muscle may result in the development of a severe type of pressure ulcer, referred to as deep tissue injury. Recently it was shown that the diffusion of large molecules (10–150kDa) is impaired during deformation of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle, suggesting a role for impaired diffusion in the aetiology of deep tissue injury. However, the influence of deformation on diffusion of smaller molecules on its aetiology is less clear. This motivated the present study designed to investigate the influence of deformation of skeletal muscle on the diffusion of water, which can be measured with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It could be predicted that this approach will provide valuable information on the diffusion of small molecules. Additionally the relationship between muscle temperature and diffusion was investigated. During deformation of the tibialis anterior a decrease of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was observed (7.2±3.9%). The use of a finite element model showed that no correlation existed between the maximum shear strain and the decrease of the ADC. The ADC in the uncompressed gastrocnemius muscle decreased with 5.9±3.7%.

In an additional experiment a clear correlation was obtained between the decrease of the ADC and the relative temperature change of skeletal muscle tissue as measured by MRI. Taken together, it was concluded that (1) the decreased diffusion of water was not a direct effect of tissue deformation and (2) that it is likely that the observed decreased ADC during deformation was a result of a decreased muscle temperature. The present study therefore provides evidence that diffusion of small molecules, particularly oxygen and carbon dioxide, is not impaired during deformation of skeletal muscle tissue.

pressure ulcers, deep tissue injury, diffusion, magnetic resonance imaging, finite element model
0021-9290
570-575
van Nierop, Bastiann J.
df59d06b-bffc-491d-b91f-5523a129e17f
Stekelenburg, Anke
94463837-6ab4-48ad-b8ca-abaf27aa5dfd
Loerakker, Sandra
77fe9fc8-bedb-4bd7-a7c1-864755dc0ec6
Oomens, Cees W.
12b2046f-3a4e-4b14-b1d0-77d48333197a
Bader, Dan
9884d4f6-2607-4d48-bf0c-62bdcc0d1dbf
Strijkers, Gustav
d6ea47a0-dbff-479c-acc6-10c10332701e
Nicolay, Klaas
eeb4a8a9-cf91-46b9-9632-7b622868cac4
van Nierop, Bastiann J.
df59d06b-bffc-491d-b91f-5523a129e17f
Stekelenburg, Anke
94463837-6ab4-48ad-b8ca-abaf27aa5dfd
Loerakker, Sandra
77fe9fc8-bedb-4bd7-a7c1-864755dc0ec6
Oomens, Cees W.
12b2046f-3a4e-4b14-b1d0-77d48333197a
Bader, Dan
9884d4f6-2607-4d48-bf0c-62bdcc0d1dbf
Strijkers, Gustav
d6ea47a0-dbff-479c-acc6-10c10332701e
Nicolay, Klaas
eeb4a8a9-cf91-46b9-9632-7b622868cac4

van Nierop, Bastiann J., Stekelenburg, Anke, Loerakker, Sandra, Oomens, Cees W., Bader, Dan, Strijkers, Gustav and Nicolay, Klaas (2010) Diffusion of water in skeletal muscle tissue is not influenced by compression in a rat model of deep tissue injury. Journal of Biomechanics, 43 (3), 570-575. (doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.07.043).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Sustained mechanical loading of skeletal muscle may result in the development of a severe type of pressure ulcer, referred to as deep tissue injury. Recently it was shown that the diffusion of large molecules (10–150kDa) is impaired during deformation of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle, suggesting a role for impaired diffusion in the aetiology of deep tissue injury. However, the influence of deformation on diffusion of smaller molecules on its aetiology is less clear. This motivated the present study designed to investigate the influence of deformation of skeletal muscle on the diffusion of water, which can be measured with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It could be predicted that this approach will provide valuable information on the diffusion of small molecules. Additionally the relationship between muscle temperature and diffusion was investigated. During deformation of the tibialis anterior a decrease of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was observed (7.2±3.9%). The use of a finite element model showed that no correlation existed between the maximum shear strain and the decrease of the ADC. The ADC in the uncompressed gastrocnemius muscle decreased with 5.9±3.7%.

In an additional experiment a clear correlation was obtained between the decrease of the ADC and the relative temperature change of skeletal muscle tissue as measured by MRI. Taken together, it was concluded that (1) the decreased diffusion of water was not a direct effect of tissue deformation and (2) that it is likely that the observed decreased ADC during deformation was a result of a decreased muscle temperature. The present study therefore provides evidence that diffusion of small molecules, particularly oxygen and carbon dioxide, is not impaired during deformation of skeletal muscle tissue.

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More information

Published date: 10 February 2010
Keywords: pressure ulcers, deep tissue injury, diffusion, magnetic resonance imaging, finite element model

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 169369
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/169369
ISSN: 0021-9290
PURE UUID: 390b83ed-ce35-4f31-8f62-a47632eaf48c
ORCID for Dan Bader: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-1208-3507

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Date deposited: 14 Dec 2010 11:03
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 02:20

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Contributors

Author: Bastiann J. van Nierop
Author: Anke Stekelenburg
Author: Sandra Loerakker
Author: Cees W. Oomens
Author: Dan Bader ORCID iD
Author: Gustav Strijkers
Author: Klaas Nicolay

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