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Structural basis for the network of functional cooperativities in cytochrome c(3) from Desulfovibrio gigas: Solution structures of the oxidised and reduced states

Structural basis for the network of functional cooperativities in cytochrome c(3) from Desulfovibrio gigas: Solution structures of the oxidised and reduced states
Structural basis for the network of functional cooperativities in cytochrome c(3) from Desulfovibrio gigas: Solution structures of the oxidised and reduced states
Cytochrome c(3) is a 14 kDa tetrahaem protein that plays a central role in the bioenergetic metabolism of Desulfovibrio spp. This involves an energy transduction mechanism made possible by a complex network of functional cooperativities between redox and redox/protolytic centres (the redox-Bohr effect), which enables cytochrome c(3) to work as a proton activator. The three-dimensional structures of the oxidised and reduced Desulfovibrio gigas cytochrome c(3) in solution were solved using 2D H-1-NMR data. The reduced protein structures were calculated using INDYANA, an extended version of DYANA that allows automatic calibration of NOE data. The oxidised protein structure, which includes four paramagnetic centres, was solved using the program PARADYANA, which also includes the structural paramagnetic parameters. In this case, initial structures were used to correct the upper and lower volume restraints for paramagnetic leakage, and angle restraints derived from C-13 Fermi contact shifts of haem moiety substituents were used for the axial histidine ligands. Despite the reduction of the NOE intensities by paramagnetic relaxation, the final family of structures is of similar precision and accuracy to that obtained for the reduced form. Comparison of the two structures shows that, although the global folds of the two families of structures are similar, significant localised differences occur upon change of redox state, some of which could not be detected by comparison with the X-ray structure of the oxidised state: (1) there is a redox-linked concerted rearrangement of Lys80 and Lys90 that results in the stabilisation of haem moieties II and III when both molecules are oxidised or both are reduced, in agreement with the previously measured positive redox cooperativity between these two haem moieties. This cooperativity regulates electron transfer, enabling a two-electron step adapted to the function of cytochromes c(3) as the coupling partner of hydrogenase; and (2) the movement of haem I propionate 13 towards the interior of the protein upon reduction explains the positive redox-Bohr effect, establishing the structural basis for the redox-linked proton activation mechanism necessary for energy conservation, driving Am synthesis.
cytochrome c(3), nmr, cooperativity, redox-bohr, ring-current and dipolar shiftsnuclear-magnetic-resonance, relaxation matrix approach, nmr structurecalculation, vulgaris miyazaki-f, crystal-structure, paramagneticmetalloproteins, protein structures, cross-relaxation, desulfuricansatcc-27774, pseudocontact shifts
0022-2836
61-82
Brennan, L.
a178add3-8547-47c8-a03c-17cf2db68a9d
Turner, D. L.
158980fd-3487-480b-baba-15102dfb64b4
Messias, A. C.
11074b64-66a9-4298-a25d-bff3ad4427c3
Teodoro, M. L.
2d2154e0-a3c7-4d43-8b92-92d4a1979801
LeGall, J.
f5db81f2-4564-4c7c-8ac5-7b88164628d7
Santos, H.
d4628582-9c48-4f0a-bdbe-93fc2a2bc0dd
Xavier, A. V.
b73ea5e9-4b82-441a-96e8-7907c5fab76b
Brennan, L.
a178add3-8547-47c8-a03c-17cf2db68a9d
Turner, D. L.
158980fd-3487-480b-baba-15102dfb64b4
Messias, A. C.
11074b64-66a9-4298-a25d-bff3ad4427c3
Teodoro, M. L.
2d2154e0-a3c7-4d43-8b92-92d4a1979801
LeGall, J.
f5db81f2-4564-4c7c-8ac5-7b88164628d7
Santos, H.
d4628582-9c48-4f0a-bdbe-93fc2a2bc0dd
Xavier, A. V.
b73ea5e9-4b82-441a-96e8-7907c5fab76b

Brennan, L., Turner, D. L., Messias, A. C., Teodoro, M. L., LeGall, J., Santos, H. and Xavier, A. V. (2000) Structural basis for the network of functional cooperativities in cytochrome c(3) from Desulfovibrio gigas: Solution structures of the oxidised and reduced states. Journal of Molecular Biology, 298 (1), 61-82. (doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3652).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Cytochrome c(3) is a 14 kDa tetrahaem protein that plays a central role in the bioenergetic metabolism of Desulfovibrio spp. This involves an energy transduction mechanism made possible by a complex network of functional cooperativities between redox and redox/protolytic centres (the redox-Bohr effect), which enables cytochrome c(3) to work as a proton activator. The three-dimensional structures of the oxidised and reduced Desulfovibrio gigas cytochrome c(3) in solution were solved using 2D H-1-NMR data. The reduced protein structures were calculated using INDYANA, an extended version of DYANA that allows automatic calibration of NOE data. The oxidised protein structure, which includes four paramagnetic centres, was solved using the program PARADYANA, which also includes the structural paramagnetic parameters. In this case, initial structures were used to correct the upper and lower volume restraints for paramagnetic leakage, and angle restraints derived from C-13 Fermi contact shifts of haem moiety substituents were used for the axial histidine ligands. Despite the reduction of the NOE intensities by paramagnetic relaxation, the final family of structures is of similar precision and accuracy to that obtained for the reduced form. Comparison of the two structures shows that, although the global folds of the two families of structures are similar, significant localised differences occur upon change of redox state, some of which could not be detected by comparison with the X-ray structure of the oxidised state: (1) there is a redox-linked concerted rearrangement of Lys80 and Lys90 that results in the stabilisation of haem moieties II and III when both molecules are oxidised or both are reduced, in agreement with the previously measured positive redox cooperativity between these two haem moieties. This cooperativity regulates electron transfer, enabling a two-electron step adapted to the function of cytochromes c(3) as the coupling partner of hydrogenase; and (2) the movement of haem I propionate 13 towards the interior of the protein upon reduction explains the positive redox-Bohr effect, establishing the structural basis for the redox-linked proton activation mechanism necessary for energy conservation, driving Am synthesis.

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More information

Published date: 21 April 2000
Keywords: cytochrome c(3), nmr, cooperativity, redox-bohr, ring-current and dipolar shiftsnuclear-magnetic-resonance, relaxation matrix approach, nmr structurecalculation, vulgaris miyazaki-f, crystal-structure, paramagneticmetalloproteins, protein structures, cross-relaxation, desulfuricansatcc-27774, pseudocontact shifts

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 18904
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/18904
ISSN: 0022-2836
PURE UUID: 47a66766-1602-4332-bf79-b258201c7937

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Date deposited: 17 Jan 2006
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 06:09

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Contributors

Author: L. Brennan
Author: D. L. Turner
Author: A. C. Messias
Author: M. L. Teodoro
Author: J. LeGall
Author: H. Santos
Author: A. V. Xavier

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