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Mixture cure models in credit scoring: if and when borrowers default

Mixture cure models in credit scoring: if and when borrowers default
Mixture cure models in credit scoring: if and when borrowers default
Mixture cure models were originally proposed in medical statistics to model long-term survival of cancer patients in terms of two distinct subpopulations – those that are cured of the event of interest and will never relapse, along with those that are uncured and are susceptible to the event. In the present paper, we introduce mixture cure models to the area of credit scoring, where, similarly to the medical setting, a large proportion of the dataset may not experience the event of interest during the loan term, i.e. default. We estimate a mixture cure model predicting (time to) default on a UK personal loan portfolio, and compare its performance to the Cox proportional hazards method and standard logistic regression. Results for credit scoring at an account level and prediction of the number of defaults at a portfolio level are presented; model performance is evaluated through cross validation on discrimination and calibration measures. Discrimination performance for all three approaches was found to be high and competitive. Calibration performance for the survival approaches was found to be superior to logistic regression for intermediate time intervals and useful for fixed 12 month time horizon estimates, reinforcing the flexibility of survival analysis as both a risk ranking tool and for providing robust estimates of probability of default over time. Furthermore, the mixture cure model’s ability to distinguish between two subpopulations can offer additional insights by estimating the parameters that determine susceptibility to default in addition to parameters that influence time to default of a borrower.
credit scoring, survival analysis, mixture cure models, regression, risk analysis
0377-2217
132-139
Tong, Edward N.C.
e1038d58-2ab6-4ce6-94c8-a23e0fe26580
Mues, Christophe
07438e46-bad6-48ba-8f56-f945bc2ff934
Thomas, Lyn C.
a3ce3068-328b-4bce-889f-965b0b9d2362
Tong, Edward N.C.
e1038d58-2ab6-4ce6-94c8-a23e0fe26580
Mues, Christophe
07438e46-bad6-48ba-8f56-f945bc2ff934
Thomas, Lyn C.
a3ce3068-328b-4bce-889f-965b0b9d2362

Tong, Edward N.C., Mues, Christophe and Thomas, Lyn C. (2012) Mixture cure models in credit scoring: if and when borrowers default. European Journal of Operational Research, 218 (1), 132-139. (doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2011.10.007).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Mixture cure models were originally proposed in medical statistics to model long-term survival of cancer patients in terms of two distinct subpopulations – those that are cured of the event of interest and will never relapse, along with those that are uncured and are susceptible to the event. In the present paper, we introduce mixture cure models to the area of credit scoring, where, similarly to the medical setting, a large proportion of the dataset may not experience the event of interest during the loan term, i.e. default. We estimate a mixture cure model predicting (time to) default on a UK personal loan portfolio, and compare its performance to the Cox proportional hazards method and standard logistic regression. Results for credit scoring at an account level and prediction of the number of defaults at a portfolio level are presented; model performance is evaluated through cross validation on discrimination and calibration measures. Discrimination performance for all three approaches was found to be high and competitive. Calibration performance for the survival approaches was found to be superior to logistic regression for intermediate time intervals and useful for fixed 12 month time horizon estimates, reinforcing the flexibility of survival analysis as both a risk ranking tool and for providing robust estimates of probability of default over time. Furthermore, the mixture cure model’s ability to distinguish between two subpopulations can offer additional insights by estimating the parameters that determine susceptibility to default in addition to parameters that influence time to default of a borrower.

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More information

e-pub ahead of print date: 18 October 2011
Published date: April 2012
Keywords: credit scoring, survival analysis, mixture cure models, regression, risk analysis
Organisations: Southampton Business School

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 198999
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/198999
ISSN: 0377-2217
PURE UUID: 736df122-e8a4-4ea5-b7eb-0a96cd9749d0
ORCID for Christophe Mues: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-6289-5490

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 11 Oct 2011 15:18
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 03:20

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Contributors

Author: Edward N.C. Tong
Author: Christophe Mues ORCID iD
Author: Lyn C. Thomas

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