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The effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on rat lymphocyte proliferation depends upon its position in dietary triacylglycerols

The effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on rat lymphocyte proliferation depends upon its position in dietary triacylglycerols
The effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on rat lymphocyte proliferation depends upon its position in dietary triacylglycerols
Animal and human studies have shown that greatly increasing the amount of fish oil [rich in long-chain (n-3) PUFA] in the diet can decrease lymphocyte functions. The effects of a more modest provision of long-chain (n-3) PUFA and whether eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) have the same effects as one another are unclear. Whether the position of 20:5 or 22:6 in dietary triacylglycerols (TAG) influences their incorporation into immune cells and their subsequent functional effects is not known. In this study, male weanling rats were fed for 6 wk one of 9 diets that contained 178 g lipid/kg and that differed in the type of (n-3) PUFA and in the position of these in dietary TAG. The control diet contained 4.4 g -linolenic acid (18:3)/100 g total fatty acids. In the other diets, 20:5 or 22:6 replaced a portion (50 or 100%) of 18:3, and were in the sn-2 or the sn-1(3) position of dietary TAG. There were significant dose-dependent increases in the proportion of 20:5 or 22:6 in spleen mononuclear cell phospholipids when 20:5 or 22:6 was fed. These increases were at the expense of arachidonic acid and were largely independent of the position of 20:5 or 22:6 in dietary TAG. Spleen lymphocyte proliferation increased dose dependently when 20:5 was fed in the sn-1(3) position of dietary TAG.
There were no significant differences in interleukin-2, interferon- ? or interleukin-10 production among spleen cells from rats fed the different diets. Prostaglandin E2 production by spleen mononuclear cells was decreased by inclusion of either 20:5 or 22:6 in the diet in the sn-1(3) position. Thus, incorporation of 20:5 or 22:6 into spleen mononuclear cell phospholipids is not influenced by the position in dietary TAG. However, the pattern of incorporation may be influenced, and there are some differential functional effects of the position of long-chain (n-3) PUFA in dietary TAG. A moderate increase in the intake of 20:5 at the sn-1(3) position of dietary TAG increases lymphocyte proliferation.
eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, structured triacylglycerol, lymphocyte, rats
0022-3166
4230-4238
Kew, S.
98c90951-4483-430c-a048-d5ed6eda3063
Wells, S.
7650a420-8b71-4713-a6af-71e186a0d792
Thies, F.
1e990f58-abab-4bbc-a83b-4d8b35002e23
McNeill, G.P.
cd9ef730-ae72-470a-9fca-863687731c08
Quinlan, P.T.
30311730-a306-4c42-bcc2-52439a909f03
Clark, G.T.
7a3aed07-f59f-4a97-92ad-1658c89c8a57
Dombrowsky, H.
e1c360cd-147e-4ae7-bc57-b0d3a4cd2880
Postle, A.D.
0fa17988-b4a0-4cdc-819a-9ae15c5dad66
Calder, P.C.
1797e54f-378e-4dcb-80a4-3e30018f07a6
Kew, S.
98c90951-4483-430c-a048-d5ed6eda3063
Wells, S.
7650a420-8b71-4713-a6af-71e186a0d792
Thies, F.
1e990f58-abab-4bbc-a83b-4d8b35002e23
McNeill, G.P.
cd9ef730-ae72-470a-9fca-863687731c08
Quinlan, P.T.
30311730-a306-4c42-bcc2-52439a909f03
Clark, G.T.
7a3aed07-f59f-4a97-92ad-1658c89c8a57
Dombrowsky, H.
e1c360cd-147e-4ae7-bc57-b0d3a4cd2880
Postle, A.D.
0fa17988-b4a0-4cdc-819a-9ae15c5dad66
Calder, P.C.
1797e54f-378e-4dcb-80a4-3e30018f07a6

Kew, S., Wells, S., Thies, F., McNeill, G.P., Quinlan, P.T., Clark, G.T., Dombrowsky, H., Postle, A.D. and Calder, P.C. (2003) The effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on rat lymphocyte proliferation depends upon its position in dietary triacylglycerols. Journal of Nutrition, 133 (12), 4230-4238.

Record type: Article

Abstract

Animal and human studies have shown that greatly increasing the amount of fish oil [rich in long-chain (n-3) PUFA] in the diet can decrease lymphocyte functions. The effects of a more modest provision of long-chain (n-3) PUFA and whether eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) have the same effects as one another are unclear. Whether the position of 20:5 or 22:6 in dietary triacylglycerols (TAG) influences their incorporation into immune cells and their subsequent functional effects is not known. In this study, male weanling rats were fed for 6 wk one of 9 diets that contained 178 g lipid/kg and that differed in the type of (n-3) PUFA and in the position of these in dietary TAG. The control diet contained 4.4 g -linolenic acid (18:3)/100 g total fatty acids. In the other diets, 20:5 or 22:6 replaced a portion (50 or 100%) of 18:3, and were in the sn-2 or the sn-1(3) position of dietary TAG. There were significant dose-dependent increases in the proportion of 20:5 or 22:6 in spleen mononuclear cell phospholipids when 20:5 or 22:6 was fed. These increases were at the expense of arachidonic acid and were largely independent of the position of 20:5 or 22:6 in dietary TAG. Spleen lymphocyte proliferation increased dose dependently when 20:5 was fed in the sn-1(3) position of dietary TAG.
There were no significant differences in interleukin-2, interferon- ? or interleukin-10 production among spleen cells from rats fed the different diets. Prostaglandin E2 production by spleen mononuclear cells was decreased by inclusion of either 20:5 or 22:6 in the diet in the sn-1(3) position. Thus, incorporation of 20:5 or 22:6 into spleen mononuclear cell phospholipids is not influenced by the position in dietary TAG. However, the pattern of incorporation may be influenced, and there are some differential functional effects of the position of long-chain (n-3) PUFA in dietary TAG. A moderate increase in the intake of 20:5 at the sn-1(3) position of dietary TAG increases lymphocyte proliferation.

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More information

Published date: 2003
Additional Information: Nutritional Immunology
Keywords: eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, structured triacylglycerol, lymphocyte, rats

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 25716
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/25716
ISSN: 0022-3166
PURE UUID: 0848f8fa-a52c-487d-9f67-b326fc83be23
ORCID for A.D. Postle: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-0756
ORCID for P.C. Calder: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-6038-710X

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 21 Apr 2006
Last modified: 09 Jan 2022 02:49

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Contributors

Author: S. Kew
Author: S. Wells
Author: F. Thies
Author: G.P. McNeill
Author: P.T. Quinlan
Author: G.T. Clark
Author: H. Dombrowsky
Author: A.D. Postle ORCID iD
Author: P.C. Calder ORCID iD

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