Dietary supplementation with ?-linolenic acid or fish oil decreases T lymphocyte proliferation in healthy older humans
Dietary supplementation with ?-linolenic acid or fish oil decreases T lymphocyte proliferation in healthy older humans
Animal and human studies have shown that greatly increasing the amounts of flaxseed oil [rich in the (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ?-linolenic acid (ALNA)] or fish oil [FO; rich in the long chain (n-3) PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] in the diet can decrease mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with moderate levels of ALNA, ?-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid (ARA), DHA or FO on the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and on the production of cytokines by those cells. The study was randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded and parallel. Healthy subjects ages 55–75 y consumed nine capsules/d for 12 wk; the capsules contained placebo oil (an 80:20 mix of palm and sunflower seed oils) or blends of placebo oil with oils rich in ALNA, GLA, ARA or DHA or FO. Subjects in these groups consumed 2 g of ALNA or 770 mg of GLA or 680 mg of ARA or 720 mg of DHA or 1 g of EPA plus DHA (720 mg of EPA + 280 mg of DHA) daily from the capsules. Total fat intake from the capsules was 4 g/d. The fatty acid composition of PBMC phospholipids was significantly changed in the GLA, ARA, DHA and FO groups. Lymphocyte proliferation was not significantly affected by the placebo, ALNA, ARA or DHA treatments. GLA and FO caused a significant decrease (up to 65%) in lymphocyte proliferation. This decrease was partly reversed by 4 wk after stopping the supplementation. None of the treatments affected the production of interleukin-2 or interferon-? by PBMC and none of the treatments affected the number or proportion of T or B lymphocytes, helper or cytotoxic T lymphocytes or memory helper T lymphocytes in the circulation. We conclude that a moderate level GLA or EPA but not of other (n-6) or (n-3) PUFA can decrease lymphocyte proliferation but not production of interleukin-2 or interferon-?.
fish oil, immunity, lymphocyte, cytokine, polyunsaturated fatty acids, humans
1918-1927
Thies, F.
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Nebe-von-Caron, G.
23643830-7cc6-4988-b8a1-66e0c9b2ec12
Powell, J.R.
200c6083-6f7c-46ee-8c78-dc2405962895
Yaqoob, P.
eb74426f-4486-41ca-bb29-2e3ce3e65b68
Newsholme, E.A.
d85c20a1-ac67-4ec0-a0f4-ffa6ab3bb697
Calder, P.C.
1797e54f-378e-4dcb-80a4-3e30018f07a6
2001
Thies, F.
1e990f58-abab-4bbc-a83b-4d8b35002e23
Nebe-von-Caron, G.
23643830-7cc6-4988-b8a1-66e0c9b2ec12
Powell, J.R.
200c6083-6f7c-46ee-8c78-dc2405962895
Yaqoob, P.
eb74426f-4486-41ca-bb29-2e3ce3e65b68
Newsholme, E.A.
d85c20a1-ac67-4ec0-a0f4-ffa6ab3bb697
Calder, P.C.
1797e54f-378e-4dcb-80a4-3e30018f07a6
Thies, F., Nebe-von-Caron, G., Powell, J.R., Yaqoob, P., Newsholme, E.A. and Calder, P.C.
(2001)
Dietary supplementation with ?-linolenic acid or fish oil decreases T lymphocyte proliferation in healthy older humans.
Journal of Nutrition, 131 (7), .
Abstract
Animal and human studies have shown that greatly increasing the amounts of flaxseed oil [rich in the (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ?-linolenic acid (ALNA)] or fish oil [FO; rich in the long chain (n-3) PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] in the diet can decrease mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with moderate levels of ALNA, ?-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid (ARA), DHA or FO on the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and on the production of cytokines by those cells. The study was randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded and parallel. Healthy subjects ages 55–75 y consumed nine capsules/d for 12 wk; the capsules contained placebo oil (an 80:20 mix of palm and sunflower seed oils) or blends of placebo oil with oils rich in ALNA, GLA, ARA or DHA or FO. Subjects in these groups consumed 2 g of ALNA or 770 mg of GLA or 680 mg of ARA or 720 mg of DHA or 1 g of EPA plus DHA (720 mg of EPA + 280 mg of DHA) daily from the capsules. Total fat intake from the capsules was 4 g/d. The fatty acid composition of PBMC phospholipids was significantly changed in the GLA, ARA, DHA and FO groups. Lymphocyte proliferation was not significantly affected by the placebo, ALNA, ARA or DHA treatments. GLA and FO caused a significant decrease (up to 65%) in lymphocyte proliferation. This decrease was partly reversed by 4 wk after stopping the supplementation. None of the treatments affected the production of interleukin-2 or interferon-? by PBMC and none of the treatments affected the number or proportion of T or B lymphocytes, helper or cytotoxic T lymphocytes or memory helper T lymphocytes in the circulation. We conclude that a moderate level GLA or EPA but not of other (n-6) or (n-3) PUFA can decrease lymphocyte proliferation but not production of interleukin-2 or interferon-?.
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Published date: 2001
Keywords:
fish oil, immunity, lymphocyte, cytokine, polyunsaturated fatty acids, humans
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Local EPrints ID: 26026
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/26026
ISSN: 0022-3166
PURE UUID: 3b204c39-bcc9-459a-b24e-e9d3fd768a90
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Date deposited: 21 Apr 2006
Last modified: 23 Jul 2022 01:39
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Contributors
Author:
F. Thies
Author:
G. Nebe-von-Caron
Author:
J.R. Powell
Author:
P. Yaqoob
Author:
E.A. Newsholme
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