From: Subject: United States Patent: 6885304 Date: Wed, 23 May 2007 17:05:27 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00C3_01C79D5C.8F71CB20" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.3028 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_00C3_01C79D5C.8F71CB20 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=3&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=cliff.INNM.&s2=hewlett.ASNM.&OS=IN/cliff+AND+AN/hewlett&RS=IN/cliff+AND+AN/hewlett United States Patent: 6885304

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United States Patent 6,885,304
Cliff ,   et = al. April 26, 2005 =
Monitoring of crowd response to performances =

Abstract

Monitoring apparatus and methods for monitoring the reaction of = people to a=20 performance use two or more monitoring devices of different types. = Output=20 signals from the monitoring devices are combined to produce at least one = crowd=20 reaction signal indicative of the reaction of those people to the = performance.=20 Particularly appropriate types of monitoring device are described, as is = automatic performance generating apparatus, such an automatic DJ, = adapted to use=20 crowd reaction signals to modify performances.

Inventors: Cliff;=20 David Trevor (Bristol, GB), Wilkinson; Timothy Alan=20 Heath (Bristol, GB)
Assignee: Hewlett-Packard=20 Development Company, L.P. (Houston, TX)
Appl. No.: 10/206,832
Filed: July 29, = 2002
Foreign Application Priority Data
Jul 27, 2001 [GB] 0118452

Current U.S. = Class: 340/573.1 ; = 340/5.5;=20 340/500; 340/504; 340/589; 463/31; 463/32; 463/36; 463/37; = 463/43
Current International = Class:=20 H04H = 9/00 (20060101); A61B=20 5/16 (20060101); G08B 023/00 ()
Field of Search: = 340/573.1,589,5.5,500,504=20 463/31,36,32,37,43

References Cited [Referenced=20 By]
U.S. Patent Documents
4739400 April 1988 Veitch
5310962 May 1994 Kimpara et al.
5436444 July 1995 Rawson
5629981 May 1997 Nerlikar
6320112 November 2001 Lotze
Foreign Patent Documents
0 685 825 Dec., 1995 EP
0843432 May., 1998 EP
0 893 760 Jan., 1999 EP
1130570 Sep., 2001 EP
2 269 670 Feb., 1994 GB
97/40745 Nov., 1997 WO
WO 01/39103 May., 2001 WO

Other References

WPI Abstract, "Public Performance Evaluation = System, "=20 Publication No. JP2001-266148 A, Published Sep. 28, 2001. .
WPI = Abstract, "Human Reaction Recognizing Device and = Computer--Readable=20 Recording Medium Where Program for the Same is Recorded," = Publication No.=20 JP201-067482 A, Published Mar. 16, 2001..=20

Primary Examiner: Wu; Daniel J.=20
Assistant Examiner: Nguyen; Tai T.
Attorney, Agent or=20 Firm: Lowe Hauptman Gilman & Berner, LLP
Claims


What is claimed is:

1. Monitoring apparatus for = monitoring the=20 reaction of people to a performance, the apparatus comprising: two or = more=20 monitoring devices, each adapted to provide at least one output signal = from=20 which the behaviour of at least a portion of those people reacting to = the=20 performance can be estimated, wherein the two or more monitoring devices = comprise at least one device of a first type and at least one device of = a second=20 type, wherein devices of the first type monitor a different quality of = user=20 response to devices of the second type, the device of the first type = being a=20 dance floor sensor adapted to monitor people on a dance floor at the=20 performance, the dance floor sensor comprising a thermal imaging camera = adapted=20 to capture a digital image of at least a portion of a dance floor, and = an image=20 processor adapted to process the image to identify the number of people = present=20 in the captured image, the behaviour of those people, or both; and a = processor=20 adapted to process the at least one output signal provided by the two or = more=20 monitoring devices to produce at least one crowd reaction signal = indicative of=20 the reaction of those people to the performance.

2. Apparatus = according=20 to claim 1, in which the first type of monitoring device is one of the = following=20 device types, and the second type of monitoring device is a different = one of the=20 following device types: monitor for detecting the movement or location = of=20 people; monitor of ambient temperature; monitor for detecting sounds or = gestures=20 made by people; monitor for providing direct feedback from individuals; = and=20 monitor of ambient humidity.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 = in which=20 the dance floor sensor comprises one or more pressure sensors located = on, within=20 or below the surface of the dance floor.

4. Apparatus according = to claim=20 1, in which the processor is arranged to generate a crowd reaction = signal=20 indicative of a positive reaction if the number of people on the dance = floor=20 increases and a negative crowd reaction if it decreases.

5. = Apparatus=20 according to claim 1, in which the processor is arranged to generate a = crowd=20 reaction signal that is indicative of a positive reaction if the number = of=20 people on the dance floor exceeds a predetermined threshold.

6.=20 Apparatus according to claim 1, in which the first type of monitoring = device is=20 a microphone for monitoring at least a portion of the people reacting to = the=20 performance.

7. Apparatus according to claim 6, in which the = processor=20 is arranged to produce a crowd reaction signal which has a value = dependent upon=20 the amplitude of the sound measured by the microphone.

8. = Apparatus=20 according to claim 6, in which the processor is arranged to produce a = crowd=20 reaction signal dependent upon the type of sound produced by the crowd.=20

9. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which the first type of = monitoring=20 device is a portable monitoring device worn or carried by at least one = person=20 reacting to the performance to provide feedback from the person. =

10.=20 Apparatus according to claim 9, in which the feedback is solicited = feedback.=20

11. Apparatus according to claim 10, in which the feedback is = personal=20 biometric data.

12. Monitoring apparatus for monitoring the = reaction of=20 people to a performance, the apparatus comprising: two or more = monitoring=20 devices, each adapted to provide at least one output signal from which = the=20 behaviour of at least a portion of those people reacting to the = performance can=20 be estimated, wherein the two or more monitoring devices comprise at = least one=20 device of a first type and at least one device of a second type, wherein = devices=20 of the first type monitor a different quality of user response to = devices of the=20 second type, the device of the first type being a dance floor sensor = adapted to=20 monitor people on a dance floor at the performance; a processor adapted = to=20 process the at least one output signal provided by the two or more = monitoring=20 devices to produce at least one crowd reaction signal indicative of the = reaction=20 of those people to the performance; and a sensor adapted to monitor = people not=20 on a dance floor at the performance, whereby the processor is thereby = able to=20 obtain an output signal representative of a percentage of people = attending the=20 performance and on the dance floor.

13. Monitoring apparatus for = monitoring the reaction of people to a performance, the apparatus = comprising:=20 one or more first monitoring devices, each adapted to provide at least = one=20 output signal from which the behaviour of an individual reacting to the=20 performance can be estimated; one or more second monitoring devices, = each=20 adapted to provide at least one output signal from which the behaviour = of a=20 plurality of those people reacting to the performance can be estimated, = at least=20 one of the one or more second monitoring devices being a dance floor = sensor=20 adapted to monitor people at the performance, the dance floor sensor = comprising=20 a thermal imaging camera adapted to capture a digital image of at least = a=20 portion of a dance floor, and an image processor adapted to process the = image to=20 identify the number of people present in the captured image, the = behaviour of=20 those people, or both; and two or more monitoring devices to produce at = least=20 one crowd reaction signal indicative of the reaction of those people to = the=20 performance.

14. Monitoring apparatus according to claim 13, = wherein at=20 least one of the first monitoring devices is a portable monitoring = device worn=20 or carried by at least one person at the event to provide feedback from = the=20 person.

15. Monitoring apparatus according to claim 14, wherein = at least=20 a part of the feedback is arranged to be provided by the person through = a user=20 interface.

16. Monitoring apparatus according to claim 14, = wherein the=20 portable monitoring device comprises a biometric sensor.

17. = Monitoring=20 apparatus according to claim 13, in which the dance floor sensor = comprises one=20 or more pressure sensors located on, within or below the surface of the = dance=20 floor.

18. Monitoring apparatus according to claim 13, in which = at least=20 one of the one or more second monitoring devices is a microphone for = monitoring=20 at least a portion of the people reacting to the performance. =

19.=20 Monitoring apparatus according to claim 18, in which the processor is = arranged=20 to produce a crowd reaction signal dependent upon the type of sound = produced by=20 the crowd.

20. Monitoring apparatus for monitoring the reaction = of=20 people to a performance, the apparatus comprising: one or more first = monitoring=20 devices, each adapted to provide at least one output signal from which = the=20 behaviour of an individual reacting to the performance can be estimated; = one or=20 more second monitoring devices, each adapted to provide at least one = output=20 signal from which the behaviour of a plurality of those people reacting = to the=20 performance can be estimated, at least one of the one or more second = monitoring=20 devices being a dance floor sensor adapted to monitor people at the = performance,=20 and at least a further one of the one or more second monitoring devices = is a=20 sensor adapted to monitor people not on a dance floor at the = performance,=20 whereby the processor is thereby able to obtain an output signal = representative=20 of a percentage of people attending the performance and on the dance = floor; and=20 two or more monitoring devices to produce at least one crowd reaction = signal=20 indicative of the reaction of those people to the performance. =

21. A=20 performance generating system for automatically controlling one or more = features=20 of a performance in response to user feedback, comprising: one or more=20 monitoring devices, each adapted to provide at least one output signal = from=20 which the behaviour of one or more of those people reacting to the = performance=20 can be estimated, at least one of the one or more monitoring devices = being a=20 dance floor sensor adapted to monitor people on a dance floor at the=20 performance, the dance floor sensor comprising a thermal imaging camera = adapted=20 to capture a digital image of at least a portion of a dance floor, and = an image=20 processor adapted to process the image to identify the number of people = present=20 in the captured image, the behaviour of those people, or both; a memory = for=20 containing a plurality of performance elements; and one or more = processors=20 together adapted to process the at least one output signal provided by = the one=20 or more monitoring devices to produce at least one crowd reaction signal = indicative of the reaction of those people to the performance and from = the one=20 or more crowd reaction signals to select one or more performance = elements from=20 the plurality of performance elements in response to the one or more = crowd=20 reaction signals, and to perform the selected performance elements. =

22.=20 A performance generating system according to claim 21, in which at least = one of=20 the one or more monitoring devices is a dance floor sensor adapted to = monitor=20 people on a dance floor at the performance.

23. A performance = generating=20 system according to claim 22, in which the dance floor sensor comprises = one or=20 more pressure sensors located on, within or below the surface of the = dance=20 floor.

24. A performance generating system according to claim = 21, in=20 which at least one or the one or more monitoring devices is a microphone = for=20 monitoring at least a portion of the people reacting to the performance. =

25. A performance generating system according to claim 21, in = which at=20 least one of the one or more monitoring devices is a portable monitoring = device=20 worn or carried by at least one person reacting to the performance to = provide=20 feedback from the person.

26. A performance generating system = according=20 to claim 25, in which the one or more processors are arranged to solicit = the=20 feedback.

27. A monitoring device adapted to sense people on a = dance=20 floor, comprising a dance floor sensor and adapted to provide at least = one=20 output signal from which at least one aspect of behaviour of at least a = portion=20 of those people present at an event can be estimated, the dance floor = sensor=20 comprising a thermal imaging camera which is adapted to capture a = digital image=20 of at least a portion of the dance floor, and an image processor adapted = to=20 process the image to identify the number of people present in the = captured image=20 or the behaviour of those people or both.

28. A device according = to=20 claim 27, in which the dance floor sensor comprises one or more pressure = sensors=20 located on, within or below the surface of the dance floor.

29. = A device=20 according to claim 27, further comprising a processor and adapted to = generate a=20 crowd reaction signal indicative of a positive reaction if the number of = people=20 on the dance floor increases and a negative crowd reaction if it = decreases.=20

30. A device according to claim 27, further comprising a = processor and=20 adapted to generate a crowd reaction signal that is indicative of a = positive=20 reaction if the number of people on the dance floor exceeds a = predetermined=20 threshold.

31. A device according to claim 30, in which the = value of the=20 threshold is variable as a function of a parameter of the event. =

32. A=20 device according to claim 31, in which the threshold is adjustable as a = function=20 of the total number of people at the event.

33. A monitoring = device=20 adapted to sense people on a dance floor, comprising a dance floor = sensor and=20 adapted to provide at least one output signal from which at least one = aspect of=20 behaviour of at least a portion of those people present at an event can = be=20 estimated; and a processor and at least one further sensor for = monitoring the=20 number of people present at the event that are not on the dance floor, = the=20 processor being arranged to combine output of the further sensor and the = dance=20 floor to provide an output signal representative of the percentage of = people on=20 the dance floor.
=20
Description


BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

1. Field of Invention =

This=20 invention relates to method and apparatus for monitoring the reaction of = people=20 to a performance, and also to apparatus for producing performances = modified in=20 response to user reactions. Embodiments are particularly relevant to = monitoring=20 the reaction of at least a portion of a crowd to a selection of played = songs at=20 an event, and to an automatic disk jockey (DJ) which controls the = playing of=20 music at an event in response to the reaction of a crowd.

2. = Description=20 of Related Art

While the present invention is relevant to = monitoring of=20 various types of performance, it has particular relevance to reactions = to and=20 automatic generation of dance music. Terms relevant to dance music will=20 therefore be used here--to help the reader to interpret this text, it is = to be=20 understood that the term "song" is intended to cover any piece of music = that may=20 or may not include a vocal element. It in particular covers dance music = which is=20 best characterised by a repetitive beat, but also covers other types of = music=20 including rock and pop music. An individual song is referred to = hereinafter as a=20 "track", whilst a selection of individual songs played one after another = in a=20 continuous sequence is referred to as a "mix". The term "event" used = herein may=20 comprise a dance held in a nightclub or at a private party or social = function,=20 or perhaps an outdoor event such as a garden party or festival. =

The=20 dance culture is increasing in popularity both in the United Kingdom and = overseas. Perhaps the most important element in the success of the dance = culture=20 is the DJ--the person who selects the tracks, and the order in which the = tracks=20 are played in the mix. In some case the DJ's are becoming as famous as = the=20 recording artists themselves. Nightclubs often establish their = reputations on=20 the basis of the choice of DJ, and popular DJs often have their own = devout=20 following of loyal supporters.

The DJ builds his or her = reputation both=20 on their musical taste and as importantly on their ability to change the = tracks=20 they are playing in response to the reaction of the crowd. For instance, = if a=20 fast tempo record is played and the crowd react favourably the DJ may = follow the=20 track with another fast tempo track. If a slow tempo track is played and = the DJ=20 sees that a large number of members of the crowd leave the dance floor = then the=20 DJ may return to playing fast tempo tracks. Of course, this is a very = simplistic=20 view and the DJ needs to rely on an innate ability both to monitor the = behaviour=20 of the crowd in order to react to their demand but also to select tracks = which=20 directly influence the behaviour of the crowd.

As the importance = of the=20 DJ increases, there has been an increasing demand on the owners of clubs = to pay=20 for the best DJs to attract the greatest audiences. Whilst this is = feasible for=20 the most popular nights--such as Friday or Saturday--the salaries = commanded by=20 the best DJs mean that it is often unprofitable to provide the best DJs = on other=20 nights where the number of guests will be lower.

At present = there is no=20 realistic alternative to the DJ other than the use of pre-recorded = selections of=20 tracks. These have the disadvantage that the set of tracks and the order = cannot=20 be altered to react to the behaviour of the dancers.

BRIEF = SUMMARY OF=20 INVENTION

In accordance with a first aspect the invention = provides=20 Monitoring apparatus for monitoring the reaction of people to a = performance, the=20 apparatus comprising: two or more monitoring devices each adapted to = provide at=20 least one output signal from which the behaviour of at least a portion = of those=20 people reacting to the performance can be estimated, wherein the two or = more=20 monitoring devices comprise at least one device of a first type and at = least one=20 device of a second type, wherein devices of the first type monitor a = different=20 quality of user response to devices of the second type; and a processor = adapted=20 to process the or each output signal provided by the two or more = monitoring=20 devices to produce at least one crowd reaction signal indicative of the = reaction=20 of those people to the performance.

The performance may comprise = an=20 event such as an indoor dance held in a nightclub or at a private party = or=20 event, or perhaps an outdoor event.

The applicant has = appreciated that=20 to successfully automate the selection of songs played at an event the = behaviour=20 of the crowd must be monitored. This is traditionally the role of a = human DJ.=20 The present invention at least partially replaces the DJ by providing a=20 monitoring apparatus that automatically monitors the behaviour of at = least a=20 part of the crowd using information obtained at the event.

In = accordance=20 with a second aspect the invention provides a method of monitoring the = reaction=20 of people at a performance, the method comprising: providing two or more = monitoring devices each adapted to provide at least one output signal = from which=20 the behaviour of at least a portion of those people reacting to the = performance=20 can be estimated, wherein the two or more monitoring devices comprise at = least=20 one device of a first type and at least one device of a second type, = wherein=20 devices of the first type monitor a different quality of user response = to=20 devices of the second type; the monitoring devices of the first type = providing a=20 first type of output signal and the monitoring devices of the second = type=20 providing a second type of output signal; and processing the output = signals to=20 produce at least one crowd reaction signal indicative of the reaction of = at=20 least part of the crowd to the performance.

In accordance with a = third=20 aspect of the invention, there is provided monitoring apparatus for = monitoring=20 the reaction of people to a performance, the apparatus comprising: one = or more=20 first monitoring devices each adapted to provide at least one output = signal from=20 which the behaviour of an individual reacting to the performance can be=20 estimated; one or more second monitoring devices each adapted to provide = at=20 least one output signal from which the behaviour of a plurality of those = people=20 reacting to the performance can be estimated; and a processor adapted to = process=20 the or each output signal provided by the two or more monitoring devices = to=20 produce at least one crowd reaction signal indicative of the reaction of = those=20 people to the performance.

In accordance with a fourth aspect of = the=20 invention, there is provided a method of monitoring the reaction of = people at a=20 performance, the method comprising: providing one or more first = monitoring=20 devices each adapted to provide at least one output signal from which = the=20 behaviour of an individual reacting to the performance can be estimated = and one=20 or more second monitoring devices each adapted to provide at least one = output=20 signal from which the behaviour of a plurality of those people reacting = to the=20 performance can be estimated; the one or more first monitoring devices = and the=20 one or more second monitoring devices providing output signals; and = processing=20 the output signals to produce at least one crowd reaction signal = indicative of=20 the reaction of at least part of the crowd to the performance. =

In=20 accordance with a fifth aspect of the invention there is provided a = performance=20 generator for automatically controlling one or more features of a = performance,=20 comprising: a memory containing a plurality of performance elements; a = processor=20 adapted to receive one or more crowd reaction signals indicative of a = reaction=20 of one or more people reacting to the performance, to select one or more = performance elements from the plurality of performance elements in = response to=20 the one or more crowd reaction signals, and to perform the selected = performance=20 elements.

Such a performance generator can be used as automatic = DJ=20 apparatus. By choosing which song to play in response to the crowd = reaction, the=20 mix can automatically be tailored in order to follow the wishes of the = crowd.=20 The DJ apparatus can be used to replace the human DJ at an event. =

In a=20 sixth aspect the invention provides a performance generating system for=20 automatically controlling one or more features of a performance in = response to=20 user feedback, comprising: one or more monitoring devices each adapted = to=20 provide at least one output signal from which the behaviour of one or = more of=20 those people reacting to the performance can be estimated; a memory = containing a=20 plurality of performance elements; and one or more processors together = adapted=20 to process the or each output signal provided by the two or more = monitoring=20 devices to produce at least one crowd reaction signal indicative of the = reaction=20 of those people to the performance and from the one or more crowd = reaction=20 signals to select one or more performance elements from the plurality of = performance elements in response to the one or more crowd reaction = signals, and=20 to perform the selected performance elements.

In a seventh = aspect the=20 invention provides a monitoring device adapted to sense people on a = dance floor,=20 comprising a dance floor sensor and adapted to provide at least one = output=20 signal from which at least one aspect of the behaviour of at least a = portion of=20 those people present at an event can be estimated.

In an eighth = aspect=20 the invention provides a data carrier adapted to program the processor = of a=20 computing device to control one or more features of a performance in = response to=20 user feedback, the programmed processor being adapted to: receive one or = more=20 crowd reaction signals indicative of the reaction of people to a = performance;=20 from the one or more crowd reaction signals, select one or more = performance=20 elements from a plurality of stored performance elements in response to = the one=20 or more crowd reaction signals; and perform the selected performance = elements.=20

In a ninth aspect the invention provides a data carrier having = stored=20 thereon an output of a performance, wherein said output comprises the=20 performance of selected performance elements from a plurality of = performance=20 elements by a programmed processor in response to one or more crowd = reaction=20 signals indicative of the reaction of people to a performance. =

BRIEF=20 DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

There will now be described, by way = of=20 example only, one embodiment of the present invention with reference to = the=20 accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of = a=20 portable device for obtaining reactions of an individual audience member = to a=20 performance;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the = functional=20 components of the device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic = overview of a=20 monitoring apparatus installed at an event which includes a remote = device that=20 receives signals from the portable device of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 4 = is a=20 schematic overview a monitoring apparatus according to an embodiment of = the=20 invention and used to provide input to an automatic DJ apparatus.=20

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments will = now be=20 described of portable devices for monitoring audience member reactions = to=20 performances, of monitoring systems for receiving audience reactions = both=20 directly (from, for example, interactively through such portable = devices) and=20 indirectly (by monitoring of the environment, or by monitoring = parameters of=20 individual or multiple audience members), and of automatic performance=20 generating apparatus (specifically automatic DJ apparatus) using the = results of=20 such monitoring. Although the embodiments here are focussed upon dance = music and=20 the role of the DJ, it will be appreciated that the principles described = here=20 can readily be employed in connection with other types of performance.=20

The portable device 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 of the accompanying = drawings=20 comprises a main body 2 that is generally rectangular. Two halves 3,4 of = a strap=20 extend from opposing sides of the main body 2. One half of the strap is = provided=20 with a buckle 5 whilst the other half includes a series of holes 6a, 6b = that=20 pass through the strap. The buckle 5 permits the two halves of the strap = 3,4 to=20 be securely joined so that the device can be strapped to the wrist of a = user. In=20 an alternative construction not shown in the drawings, the main body may = be=20 supported by a length of chain which permits it to be worn around the = neck of a=20 user.

The main body 2 carries on its front face a display panel = 7 which=20 comprises a rectangular liquid crystal display panel. The panel = comprises a=20 matrix of liquid crystal elements which can be selectively controlled to = display=20 a range of alphanumeric characters on the display. It is also configured = to=20 display a range of predefined icons (not shown). It may be backlit for = use in=20 low levels of ambient light.

The device 1 can be used to provide = a=20 direct audience member response to the music currently or recently = playing.=20 Alongside the display panel 7 the main body carries two input buttons = 8,9 (an=20 alternative would be for display panel 7 to be touch-sensitive, and for = buttons=20 8,9 or similar inputs to be provided as virtual buttons through the = display=20 panel in known fashion for touch-sensitive displays). The buttons 8,9 = can=20 individually be operated by the user to input a response to the device = 1. In=20 use, the display 7 prompts the user for an input and displays the = function of=20 each button. Changing the display permits the function of each button to = be=20 varied. The display 7 tells the user the function of each button at any = moment=20 in time. A shown in FIG. 1, the display shows a letter "P" next to a = first one=20 of the buttons and a letter "N" next to the other. This indicates the = user=20 should press the first button 8 if they are enjoying an event (positive=20 reaction) and the second button 9 if they dislike the event (negative = reaction).=20 The exact letter or words displayed for a given function will depend to = a large=20 extent on the target audience of users for the device.

As well = as or in=20 an alternative to a simple button, an input device may be provided which = can be=20 set to any one of a range of positions by the user, each position = corresponding=20 to a different reaction of the user. For instance, a rotary dial or = linear=20 slider may be provided. The position of the dial or slider at one = extreme of its=20 range of positions may correspond to most positive (very happy). As the = dial or=20 slider is moved to the other extreme of its range of positions it may = move=20 through slightly positive (less happy) to slightly negative reaction = (unhappy)=20 and at the other extreme indicate a very negative reaction (very = unhappy) of the=20 user.

A positive reaction is indicative that the user is = enjoying the=20 song and a negative reaction indicates that they dislike the song. Of = course,=20 the reaction is relative and it may be that a user experiences a = negative=20 reaction to their favourite song simply because it is played at the = wrong time=20 at the event or because they are not in the mood to listen to that song. =

The display 7 also shows contextual information to the user. As = shown in=20 FIG. 1 the device is telling the user the time in the top half of the = display 7=20 and so functions as a wristwatch. A button 10 on the side of the main = body=20 allows the user to adjust the settings of the device.

The = display may=20 prompt the user to input information using the or each input device. = This allows=20 the function of an input device to be varied, with the display telling = the user=20 the function of the input device at any given instant. For example, the = display=20 may prompt the user to press a particular button if they like a song, or = to=20 press it twice in succession if they want to hear a faster song or press = a=20 different button to hear a slower song. Later in an event, the display = may=20 prompt the user to press the button twice for a slower song, thus = altering its=20 use. Such change in function can be triggered by the DJ, for example, if = the=20 device 1 contains not only a transmitter but also a receiver that allows = it to=20 receive instructions as well as provide user reaction signals. =

Device 1=20 need not be specially constructed for use as a monitoring device. A = particularly=20 effective solution may be to program an existing handheld computing = device, such=20 as a handheld personal computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA) or a = cellular telephone. In such cases, the user interface choices will be = those=20 appopriate to the computing device concerned--for a PDA, for example, = which will=20 normally have a touch-sensitve screen, it may be advantageous to use = virtual=20 buttons of the kind described above.

A direct user response to = the=20 performance can thus be provided through the user interface of device 1. = However, device 1 can also be used to provide an indirect user response = by=20 monitoring the users state of well being or physical behaviour. Device 1 = therefore further comprises one or more sensors which each sense a = parameter of=20 the users state of well being or physical behaviour, the parameter being = indicative of the reaction of the user to a song.

The main body = of the=20 device also includes a small microphone 11.1 (shown in FIG. 1) which = receives=20 acoustic signals through a small grille opening 11 in the front face of = the main=20 body 2. This microphone can therefore sense sounds provided by the user. = This=20 microphone can be used for direct user input (essentially a speech user=20 interface for device 1) but can also be used for indirect user = input--detecting=20 particular sounds, or words, produced by the user or in his or her = vicinity.=20

Where speech is to be evaluated the device 1 should include a=20 voice-recognition circuit. This may, for example, be adapted to detect = one or=20 more keywords spoken by the user. A negative response signal may be = produced for=20 one keyword and a positive signal for a different keyword. The voice = recognition=20 circuit may be trained to identify the user's voice and may have stored = in=20 memory examples of the or each keyword as spoken by the user. These may = be=20 entered into the memory in a training mode before the device can be = used. The=20 voice recognition circuit then looks for the presence of parts of the = signal=20 produced by the microphone which match the keywords stored in memory. = Voice=20 recognition is already known in the art and the reader is directed to = the=20 teachings of the voice recognition circuit used in prior art mobile = phones as an=20 example of the implementation of such a circuit. Voice recognition is of = course=20 implementable in software once the voice has been translated into an = appropriate=20 digital signal.

A number of sensors (not visible) are also = fitted to an=20 under side of the main body 2 in contact with the skin of the user. = Where the=20 device 1 is a programmed computing device, these may, for example, = communicate=20 with the device 1 in accordance with its normal arrangements for use of=20 peripheral devices. Specific types of sensor device and their = significance are=20 described below.

A temperature sensor may be included--if an = audience=20 member is dancing enthusiastically, their temperature is likely to be = raised.=20

A perspiration sensor sensitive to the conductivity of an area = or point=20 on the users skin may be included. This can provide an indication of how = hard=20 the user is perspiring. A heavy rate of perspiration may be used to = indicate=20 vigorous dancing indicative of a positive response to a song.

A = pulse=20 rate sensor may also be included--again, a high pulse rate is likely to = indicate=20 energetic dancing and a positive reaction.

It will be = appreciated that=20 monitoring of these features can also in appropriate arrangements allow = central=20 determination of whether audience members are at risk of endangering = their=20 health (dangerously high temperatures or pulse rates). There are thus = reasons to=20 make such sensor results centrally available in the reaction signal = provided=20 from device 1 (to provide information centrally that may safeguard user = health)=20 but also not to make such sensor results centrally available (protecting = the=20 privacy of individual users).

Another sensor that may be used is = an=20 inclinometer or an accelerometer which is adapted to produce an output=20 indicative of movement of the portable device. The movement of the = device can be=20 used to measure the reaction of the user. If the user is dancing = vigorously the=20 device will move around a lot which will indicate the user is reacting=20 positively to a song. If the user is still the output may be interpreted = as=20 indicating that the user is reacting in a less positive way to a song.=20

The device 1 contains a microprocessor and a memory. The = microprocessor=20 receives the user reaction signals (whether from the user interface or = from=20 sensors) and provide a user reaction signal or signals as output. The=20 microprocessor has access to an area of memory where program = instructions and=20 data are stored.

As discussed above, the output signal may = contain=20 sufficient information for the value of each reaction signal to be = extracted.=20 Thus, the reading of a pulse sensor and the reading of a temperature = sensor may=20 be individually extracted from the output signal.

Alternatively, = the=20 processor may be adapted to combine one or more reaction signals to = produce a=20 combined output signal from which the individual values of the reaction = signals=20 cannot be extracted. The combined output signal may encode a single = overall=20 reaction value, which may be equal to an average reaction of the user = when=20 considering the average of the reaction signals. The combined reaction = value may=20 be displayed on the display of the portable device if a display is = provided. The=20 user may indicate whether or not they agree with the displayed value.=20

The amount of processing performed by the processor to produce = the=20 output signal will vary from application to application and will depend = on the=20 amount of post-processing that is performed by any central device to = which the=20 output signal is transmitted and on the type of monitoring included in = the=20 device.

If a number of sensors are provided, the processor may = apply a=20 set of logical rules to the output of each sensor in order to provide an = overall=20 reaction measurement that can be encoded in the output signal. =

For=20 instance, if an inclinometer or accelerometer is provided it may produce = an=20 output signal indicating that the user is not moving. If no other = sensors or=20 inputs are available this may be interpreted as representing a negative = reaction=20 of the user (they are not dancing so probably dislike a song). If, on = the other=20 hand, an input device is operated by the user and produces an output = indicating=20 that the user likes the song then the output of the accelerometer may be = overridden and ignored. The user may simply be tired or just standing = still=20 while listening to the song.

The logical rules may define the = way in=20 which the reaction signals provided are combined, and which take = preference over=20 others.

FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings is a schematic = illustration=20 of the circuitry and components located within the main body of the = device=20 illustrated in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings.

The main = body 2=20 houses a printed circuit board 20 which carries tracks defining an = electronic=20 circuit. One of the tracks 21 is connected to the positive side of a = battery 22=20 whilst another track 23 is connected to the negative side of the battery = 22.=20 This provides the power that is drawn by the circuitry.

The = buttons=20 8,9,10 on the main body 2 are also connected to tracks on the circuit = board and=20 the display panel 7 is connected to a multi-pin socket 24 which is = soldered to=20 one face of the board 20. The sensors (represented by block 27) are also = connected to the processor.

The tracks connected to the buttons = 8,9,10=20 are connected to the input terminals of a processor 25. The processor 25 = has=20 access to a memory (not shown). An output terminal of the processor is = connected=20 through additional tracks on the circuit board 20 to a display driver = device=20 (not shown) which is in turn connected to the display socket 24. Another = output=20 from the processor is connected to a wireless radio transmitter 26. The=20 transmitter 26 sends encoded signals from the device to a remote device = located=20 at the event. The processor encodes the transmitted signal with = information=20 obtained by the sensors and the buttons. An identification code to = identify the=20 originating device 1 may also be included. The transmitter may use any=20 appropriate technology--radio-frequency communication is a particularly=20 appropriate technology, and infra-red communication is a possible = alternative.=20

Different approaches may be adopted to providing information = from=20 audience members. The device 1 may continuously transmit a current = reaction=20 signal, or may transmit a signal at spaced time intervals. For example, = a signal=20 may be transmitted as a packet of encoded data at 1 second, or perhaps 1 = minute=20 or perhaps 5-minute intervals.

In an alternative arrangement, = the=20 portable device may only transmit a signal to the remote apparatus in = response=20 to a request from the remote apparatus. This helps to preserve the = battery life=20 of the portable device. It also allows a user to wear or carry the = device at all=20 times, signals only being transmitted when it is used at an event where = an=20 appropriate remote device is located. A further advantage of this mode = of=20 operation is that the user does not need to remember to switch the = device on at=20 the start of an event and off again at the end of the event.

The = memory=20 may also be used to store the response of the user between the = transmission of=20 signals to the remote device. The stored responses may be displayed by = the user=20 on an appropriate display provided on the portable device.

The = output=20 signal sent to the remote device may encode the response of the user in = a number=20 of ways. In one arrangement, the signal may encode a simple digital or = analogue=20 response value which may vary between an upper and a lower limit, one of = the=20 limits indicating a positive reaction and the other a negative reaction. = The=20 value may vary linearly between the extremes of the range to indicate = any degree=20 of reaction between very positive and very negative.

A positive = reaction=20 is indicative that the audience member is enjoying the song or mix of = songs=20 played at the event and a negative reaction indicates that he or she = dislikes=20 the song or mix of songs. Of course, the reaction is relative and it may = be that=20 an audience member (or as will be discussed below, a crowd) experiences = a=20 negative reaction to their favourite song simply because it is played at = the=20 wrong time at the event or because they are not in the mood to listen to = that=20 song. The reaction may indicate the member's preferences for the choice = of songs=20 subsequently to be played at the event. A positive reaction may also = indicate=20 that a person at the event likes the change from one song to the next at = the=20 event.

In a further refinement it is envisaged that the user may = operate=20 an input device, such as button, to indicate that they want to = "bookmark" a song=20 that is playing, the portable device storing in memory data representing = a=20 feature of the song. This may comprise a short recording of the song = obtained by=20 a microphone built into the device, or a time-stamp which allows the = user to=20 identify the song at a later time from a playlist of the event. =

The=20 portable device 1 is intended to be used in combination with a remote = detection=20 apparatus located at the event. FIG. 3 of the accompanying drawings = illustrates=20 schematically a simple system suitable for installation in a night club = which=20 hosts a dance event. The remote apparatus comprises a central processing = unit 30=20 which will usually be fixed on site and provided by the host of the = event or the=20 DJ to help gather information from people at the event. Connected to the = central=20 processing unit by electrical cables are two remote devices 31,32 which = monitor=20 and detect signals transmitted by portable devices 1 within the club. In = fact,=20 the monitoring apparatus receives signals from every device present at = the=20 event.

Each detection unit 31,32 comprises a radio frequency = detector=20 which detects the signal emitted by any portable devices 1 within its = detection=20 range. An amplifier increases the amplitude of the detected signals and = 30=20 passes the signals to a processor. The processor extracts the = information=20 encoded in each signal and produces an output signal which is passed = down the=20 electrical cable to the main processing unit 30.

One of the = remote=20 devices 31 is located in a part of the nightclub containing a dance = floor 33=20 within range of any portable devices worn by users on the dance floor. = The other=20 device 32 is located in a different area of the nightclub, such as in a=20 "chill-out" room or eating area 34. This device only detects signals = from=20 portable devices worn by occupants of the room.

The main = processing unit=20 30 receives signals along the two cables from each of the detectors = 31,32. The=20 signals provide the processor with information about the location of the = wearer=20 of a portable device and also the reaction of the wearer to the music = that is=20 played. The amount and type of data received depends on the content of = the=20 signals transmitted by the portable devices. It is envisaged that some = devices=20 may transmit more types of information than others, i.e. some may have = increased=20 functionality compared with other devices.

The device 1 may be = adapted=20 to receive, as well as to transmit, information. The device 1 may also = include a=20 detector which is adapted to receive a signal transmitted by a remote = device.=20 The information encoded in the signal may be processed by the processor. = It may=20 be used to change the function of any input devices on the portable = device, or=20 to display messages or instructions on the display (where provided). =

The=20 remote device could, for example, send a request by a DJ or club owner = to each=20 or an individual portable device to ask the user for a specific reaction = to a=20 song. For example, the user may be asked if the tempo of the song = playing is too=20 fast or too slow, or if the music is too loud or quite. This provides a = full=20 interaction between the DJ and a user of a portable device.

A = display=20 may be provided at the event upon which information can be presented by = the user=20 of the portable device. A DJ could, for example, ask the user a question = such as=20 "Do you like this song?" The reaction of the user to the question can = then be=20 monitored.

The portable apparatus thus monitors the reaction of = the user=20 and transmits a signal to a remote device which can be adapted to select = the=20 next or any other subsequent track to be played in dependence upon the = users=20 response. This allows the user to interact with the tracks played and = influence=20 the course of the event.

The data received by the processing = unit 30 is=20 stored in a memory 35 and can subsequently be used to produce a control = signal=20 which is used either by a human DJ or an automatic DJ apparatus 36 to = influence=20 the next or subsequent tracks that are played at the event. For example, = if a=20 number of signals are received from portable devices asking for the = track to be=20 changed then the track may be changed by the DJ before it would normally = end. If=20 a large number of requests for a faster tempo track are received then = the music=20 may be changed accordingly.

By choosing which song to play in = response=20 to the crowd reaction, the mix can automatically be tailored in order to = follow=20 the wishes of the crowd. In effect, control of the mix is at least = partially=20 handed over to the people in the crowd and it is the reaction of the = crowd that=20 determines which tracks are played. Every event may therefore be unique = to the=20 crowd's preferences.

Such monitoring apparatus can thus be used = as a=20 tool to assist a DJ by selecting tracks from the memory but leaving the = DJ to=20 confirm whether or not to play the selected track. For instance, this = gives the=20 DJ extra feedback about the crowd reaction and can assist both skilled = and=20 inexperienced DJs alike in pleasing the crowd. However, this type of = monitoring=20 apparatus is especially useful in providing a quantified audience = reaction to an=20 automatic DJ adapted to reproduce the function of a human DJ. =

The=20 apparatus illustrated in FIG. 4 shows the integration of user devices as = shown=20 in FIGS. 1 and 2 with environmental monitoring to provide a = comprehensive=20 monitoring system according to an embodiment of the invention used to = provide=20 user input to an automatic DJ system. The system is installed in a = hypothetical=20 small nightclub 101 having a single dance floor 102 and a chill-out = room/bar=20 area 103. The apparatus monitors the reaction of people in the club to = the songs=20 that are being played. It automatically selects songs to be played in = response=20 to the monitored reactions of the people, replacing the traditional = human DJ at=20 the club.

The apparatus comprises a centrally located automatic = DJ 104=20 which is partially housed within a secure booth adjacent the dance floor = 102=20 inside the nightclub 101. The automatic DJ 104 comprises a selection = apparatus=20 105 and a monitoring apparatus (part of which is housed in the booth). = The=20 selection apparatus 105 selects the songs, which are played in response = to crowd=20 reaction signals supplied to the selection apparatus by the monitoring=20 apparatus.

The monitoring apparatus comprises a centrally = located=20 processing unit 106 located within the secure booth. This may be = provided by a=20 microprocessor, which forms a part of a personal computer, or may be a = dedicated=20 processing device. The monitoring apparatus is here shown as separate = from the=20 automatic DJ 104, but it will be appreciated that these can be = integrated=20 together, and may operate under the control of a common processor.=20

Connected to the processing unit 106 by electrical cables 107 = are a=20 range of sensing devices which are spaced around the nightclub. If = preferred, a=20 wireless link may be provided between each sensing device and the = processor.=20

Many differing types of sensing device can be employed, as there = are=20 many types of behaviour which may be monitored to indicate the reaction = of a=20 crowd. These may include, but are not limited to:

Sensors that = monitor=20 the number of people dancing to a song,

Sensors that monitor the = number=20 of people on a dance floor,

Sensors that monitor the temperature = at the=20 event,

Sensors that monitor sound or gestures made by people at = the=20 event,

Sensors that directly receive answers to questions asked = to=20 people at

the event, i.e. "is this too slow/fast, are you tired = etc"=20

The more sensors and the more parameters monitored the more = reliable an=20 estimate of the reaction of the crowd to the event can be produced. =

Each=20 sensing device produces an electrical output signal which can be used to = estimate the reaction of people present in the club to the songs that = are being=20 played. These raw output signals are encoded in signals sent along the = cables to=20 the central processor. The processor 106 extracts the information = encoded in=20 each signal and produces one or more crowd reaction signals.

In = the=20 example shown in FIG. 4 several different sensing devices are located in = a part=20 of the nightclub containing a dance floor. Other devices are located in = a=20 different area of the nightclub, such as in a "chill-out" room or eating = area.=20

Different types of sensing device used or usable in the FIG. 4=20 embodiment will now be discussed.

A dance floor sensor is = adapted to=20 monitor people on a dance floor at the event. Such a dance floor sensor = may=20 generate an output signal dependent upon the presence of or the = behaviour of the=20 people on the dance floor. One such sensor is the array of independent = pressure=20 sensors 108 which may be located on, within or below the surface of the = dance=20 floor, covering the whole of or a portion of the dance floor. For = example, an=20 array of 6 inch square pressure sensors may be provided which cover an = entire=20 area of the dance floor.

The pressure sensors may produce a = binary=20 output signal having a first value if a person stands or sits or lies on = the=20 sensor and a second value otherwise. Alternatively, the pressure sensors = may=20 produce an output signal which indicates the actual pressure applied to = a sensor=20 at any time. This permits more sophisticated monitoring.

Where a = number=20 of dance floors are provided at an event, such as in a large nightclub, = each=20 floor or a subset of the total number of floors may be provided with at = least=20 one dance floor sensor.

A digital video camera 109 is adapted to = capture=20 a digital image of at least a portion of a dance floor, and has = associated with=20 it an image processor adapted to process the digital image to identify = the=20 number of people present in the captured image and/or the behaviour of = those=20 people. This is preferably a thermal imaging camera but may = alternatively or=20 additionally comprise a video camera.

At many events, in order = to create=20 the correct ambience the dance floor may be poorly lit. This makes it = difficult=20 for a video camera to capture a satisfactory image and also makes it = difficult=20 to process the image. A thermal imaging camera may be preferred in such = an=20 environment.

The number of people on the dance floor may be = estimated=20 from the average temperature of an entire image or by identifying = individual=20 people from the features of the image. An estimate based on an average = may prove=20 reasonably accurate as the larger the number of people the greater the=20 temperature of the crowd/room is likely to be.

Where a video = camera is=20 provided, a laser may be provided which emits a pattern of light towards = the=20 dance floor captured in the video image, the image processing means = monitoring=20 the pattern of the light from the laser in the image to detect the = presence of=20 people in the image.

A microphone 110 or other acoustic sensor = is=20 adapted to detect sounds which are produced by people at the event. The = sound of=20 the song which is being played at the time of measurement may be = subtracted from=20 the output signal from the or each microphone to isolate the sound made = from the=20 people at the event from the music.

This sensor may enable = production of=20 a crowd reaction signal which has a value dependent upon the amplitude = of the=20 sound made by the people in the crowd. For example, the crowd reaction = signal=20 may indicate a positive crowd reaction if the crowd are making a lot of = noise=20 and a negative reaction if the crowd are silent. The louder the crowd = the more=20 positive a crowd reaction signal may be produced.

In a more=20 sophisticated embodiment, the type of sound produced by the crowd may be = used to=20 determine the reaction of the crowd. The type of sound may be monitored = by=20 appropriate signal processing of the output of the or each or selected = ones of=20 the acoustic sensors/microphones.

A crowd reaction signal = indicative of=20 a positive crowd reaction may be generated if the output of the = microphone has a=20 large high frequency content relative to its low frequency content. This = type of=20 sound corresponds to whistling and screaming.

Similarly, a crowd = reaction signal indicative of a negative reaction may be generated if = the output=20 of the microphone has a small high frequency content relative to its low = frequency content. This corresponds to a crowd booing or shouting. =

A=20 temperature sensor 111 is adapted to monitor the temperature at the = event. The=20 more people who are on a dance floor the higher the temperature. = Similarly, the=20 more people enjoy a track the more energetic their dancing will become.=20

The temperature sensor may, for example, comprise an infrared = sensor or=20 a thermal imaging camera. The images captured by a thermal imaging = camera may be=20 analysed by an image processor to determine the body temperature of one = or more=20 people at an event, and especially of one or more people on a dance = floor.=20 Alternatively, as suggested hereinbefore an average temperature for a = whole or=20 portion of a captured thermal image may be used.

A crowd = reaction signal=20 may be produced which is indicative of a positive crowd reaction if the=20 temperature is increasing or exceeds a predefined threshold, and = indicate of a=20 negative reaction if the temperature drops or is below the threshold. =

In=20 a sophisticated system, the output of the temperature sensor may be=20 cross-correlated with a measurement of the number of people on the dance = floor=20 and/or the type of song that is being played.

A humidity sensor = may be=20 provided which is adapted to monitor the amount of moisture in the air. = This may=20 be located inside or in front of a duct through which an air = conditioning unit=20 extracts air from around a dance floor. It is expected that the humidity = will be=20 higher when lots of people are dancing vigorously and this can indicate = a=20 positive crowd reaction.

Of course, in other embodiments a = smaller range=20 of sensors may be provided whilst in larger nightclubs more sensors may = be=20 desirable. A digital video camera 112 is also provided in the chill out = room=20 which captures images of the room.

Of course, the presence of a = large=20 number of people on a dance floor does not necessarily provide a = complete=20 picture of crowd reaction. The behaviour of the people on the dance = floor is=20 also an indication of whether or not they are enjoying the event. =

The=20 dance floor sensors may be adapted to monitor at least one aspect of the = behaviour of the portion of the crowd. This may be adapted to monitor = how=20 vigorously the people are dancing by monitoring a pattern of movement of = an=20 individual or a crowd.

Where pressure sensors are provided, the = rate of=20 change of the output signal from the or each sensor may be used to = provided an=20 indication of the movement of the people on the dance floor. For = example, if=20 everyone is stood still the sensors will detect the presence of the = people but=20 the output of the sensors will remain reasonably constant. If everyone = is=20 jumping in time to a track, the output of the sensors will vary in time = with the=20 jumping of the crowd.

The variation in the output of the = pressure=20 sensors over time may be detected and used. For example, this may be = used to=20 distinguish between vigorous dancing and a mass exodus of the dance = floor. It is=20 expected that these two different types of movement will have unique=20 time-signature patterns allowing them to be distinguished. A neural = network=20 algorithm that is trained to distinguish positive reaction movement = patterns=20 from negative patterns of movement may be used in association with main=20 processor 106.

The main processor 106 also receives signals from = a=20 number of remote devices which are worn or carried by people 112 in the=20 nightclub. These devices, which may be of the type shown in FIGS. 1 and = 2,=20 monitor the users reaction and transmit information wirelessly to = receivers 113=20 located next to the dance floor or a receiver in the chill out room. The = receiver sends the received signals back to the processor 106. =

The data=20 received by the processor 106 is stored in an area of electrical memory=20 connected to the processor.

The processor produces one or more = crowd=20 reaction signals from the information contained in the output signals = produced=20 by each of the sensing devices. For the sensors provided in the example, = the=20 processor initially generates a crowd reaction signal for each received = signal.=20

Simple examples of logical rules for producing reaction signals = that can=20 be applied are as follows: If the pressure sensors and/or the camera = indicate a=20 large number of people are present on the dance floor then the reaction = to the=20 currently playing song can be considered positive-they like the song; If = the=20 pressure sensors and/or the camera indicate that a large percentage of = the=20 people on the dance floor are dancing then the reaction may be = considered to be=20 positive; If the sensors indicate that the ratio of people on the dance = floor to=20 people in the chill-out room is low then the reaction may be considered=20 negative; If the sensors indicate an increase in the number of people on = the=20 dance floor over time then the reaction may be considered positive; If = the=20 sensors indicate a decrease in the number of people on the dance floor = over time=20 the reaction may be considered to be negative; A positive reaction may = be=20 generated if the number of people on the dance floor exceeds a = predetermined=20 threshold. Conversely, if the number of people falls below the threshold = the=20 crowd reaction signal may indicate a negative reaction. The value of the = threshold may be varied as a function of a parameter of the event. For = instance,=20 if the event is a dance at a nightclub a different threshold may be used = for=20 different nights of the week. For regular events, the value of the = threshold may=20 be adjusted by monitoring the number of people on the dance floor over a = number=20 of events and calculating an average value, the threshold corresponding = to the=20 calculated average value. The threshold may also be adjusted as a = function of=20 the total number of people at the event.

If the temperature on = the dance=20 floor is increasing this may be used to indicate a positive reaction = (more heat=20 equals more people or more vigorous dancing).

The value of the = crowd=20 reaction signal may be scaled by a scaling factor to take into account=20 parameters such as the time of day, day of the week, or the time since = the start=20 of the event. For instance, a greater percentage should be on the dance = floor at=20 the middle of an event than at the start of the event. Other context = information=20 such as the time of day/night, day of the week etc. can be employed.=20

Having produced a number of crowd reaction signals, the = processor then=20 applies a number of logical rules to the individual crowd reaction = signals to=20 produce an overall crowd reaction signal. For example:

If the = number of=20 people on the dance floor is high (indicated by the pressure sensors) = but they=20 are not moving much (indicated by a low temperature) the reaction is = considered=20 slightly positive. If they are moving a lot then a very positive overall = reaction signal is generated.

If the number of people on the = dance floor=20 is high and they are moving a lot but the crowd reaction signal produced = from=20 the output of a microphone is negative (perhaps because the crowd are = booing or=20 hissing) then the microphone reaction signal will dominate and a = negative=20 overall reaction signal value will be produced.

Having produced = an=20 overall crowd reaction signal the processor passes the signal to the = selection=20 means. The selection means (most obviously implemented as a processor = operating=20 under appropriate program control) is adapted to select a song to play = in the=20 nightclub from a large collection of tracks stored in the memory. An = index list=20 is also stored in the memory which comprises at least one classification = value=20 for each stored track. For instance, the index for a track may indicate = the=20 tempo of the track, how the tempo changes during the duration of the = track etc.=20

The selection means may generate a selection value from the one = or more=20 control signals and select a track to play from the memory by comparing = the=20 selection value with the index for a stored track. For example, the = selection=20 value may comprise a tempo value, and a track having an index = representing that=20 tempo may be selected. If a number of tracks are stored in memory which = match=20 the criteria of the selection value then the track may be selected at = random=20 from all the possible matches.

The selection means processes the = crowd=20 reaction signal together with historical data corresponding to the = current=20 playing song and previously played songs. In this simple example, the = historical=20 data indicates the tempo of the current playing song and the tempo of = the song=20 prior to it. Logical rules are then applied to the historical data and = the crowd=20 reaction signal value to determine the tempo of the next song that = should be=20 played.

The logical rules may include the following: If, when = the=20 automatic DJ increases the tempo of the songs by cross-fading to a new = song=20 faster than the previous song a positive crowd reaction is identified = then the=20 automatic DJ should ensure that the tempo continues to increase by = selection of=20 a faster tempo track or stays the same; If, when the automatic DJ = increases the=20 tempo of the songs by cross fading to a new song faster than the = previous song a=20 negative crowd reaction is identified then the automatic DJ should = ensure that=20 the tempo decreases by selection of a slower tempo track; If, when the = automatic=20 DJ deceases the tempo of the songs by cross-fading to a new song slower = than the=20 previous song a positive crowd reaction is identified then the automatic = DJ=20 should ensure that the tempo continues to decease by selection of a = slower tempo=20 track or stays the same; If, when the automatic DJ decreases the tempo = of the=20 songs by cross-fading to a new song slower than the previous song a = negative=20 crowd reaction is identified then the automatic DJ should ensure that = the tempo=20 is increased by selection of a faster tempo track.

Having = determined the=20 tempo of the next song to play the selection means chooses a song from = the=20 memory using the index list to ensure it has the required tempo. If more = than=20 one track meets the criteria a track may be picked at random from all = the=20 matches.

The selection means also writes to the memory a set of = reaction=20 marker values, each value being associated with a played track and = indicating=20 whether or not it generated a positive or a negative crowd reaction. = When=20 subsequently choosing between tracks that meet the tempo criteria, the = track=20 with the most positive reaction marker value associated with it may be = selected.=20

The marker values may be updated each time a track is played and = the=20 reaction of the crowd is monitored. For example, the marker value may = comprise=20 an average reaction value determined once the track has been played a = number of=20 times at an event.

The apparatus may be adapted to delete a = track from=20 the memory if the marker value associated with the track is indicative = of a very=20 unpopular track. A marker may indicate such a low popularity if it = corresponds=20 to a track that has been played a predefined number of times and has a=20 popularity below a predefined threshold.

The selection apparatus = may=20 also be arranged to control other aspects of the event such as the = volume of the=20 songs that are played and the pattern and intensity of lighting used at = the=20 event, smoke machines or foam/bubble generators etc.

The = discussion=20 aboves relates essentially to musical performance, but it will be = appreciated=20 that other forms of performance can be modified in the same way. For = example,=20 visual art can be created according to rules and modified according to = user=20 reaction to the current form of the art--this could apply to static or = video=20 images.

In a modification (again most obviously applicable to = music but=20 potentially applicable to other forms of performance), the remote device = may not=20 affect the tracks being played or to be played but instead store the = users=20 reactions during at least a portion of the event together with = information about=20 the tracks played in that portion of the event. The remote device may = select the=20 tracks which generated the most positive reactions from the user, and = copy the=20 selected tracks to a storage medium. This medium may be a web page or a = compact=20 disc or minidisc. The site can then be viewed by anyone after the event, = or the=20 CD may be sold to the crowd at the end of an event.

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3D[Image]=20
3D[Home]=20=20 3D[Help]=20=20
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