United States Patent: 6344607

From: Subject: United States Patent: 6344607 Date: Wed, 23 May 2007 17:06:13 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0101_01C79D5C.AB350840" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.3028 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0101_01C79D5C.AB350840 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=5&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=cliff.INNM.&s2=hewlett.ASNM.&OS=IN/cliff+AND+AN/hewlett&RS=IN/cliff+AND+AN/hewlett United States Patent: 6344607

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United States Patent	6,344,607
*Cliff*	February 5, 2002 =

Automatic compilation of songs

Abstract

A method of automatically producing a compilation mix from a set of = songs is=20 disclosed. The method comprises the steps of generating (22) a beat = profile=20 comprising a temporal map representing an ideal rate of repeat of the = dominant=20 beat for the compilation mix at different points in time over the = duration of=20 the compilation, generating (21) at least one set of song data = indicative of the=20 rate of repeat of the dominant beat for each of the songs in the set of = songs,=20 and allocating (24) the songs temporally within the compilation mix by=20 processing the song data together with the temporal map, the songs being = located=20 temporally with respect to one another such that the rate of repeat of = the=20 dominant beat of the compilation approximates that indicated by the = temporal map=20 and end portions of adjacent songs overlap.

Inventors:	*Cliff*;=20 David Trevor (Southville, GB)
Assignee:	*Hewlett*-Packard=20 Company (Palo Alto, CA)
Appl. No.:	09/805,170
Filed:	March 14, = 2001

Foreign Application Priority Data


May 11, 2000 [EP]			00303960

Current U.S. = Class: 84/611 ; 84/484; = 84/635

Current International = Class:=20 G11B = 27/031 (20060101); G10H=20 1/40 (20060101); G10H 1/00 (20060101); G11B=20 27/034 (20060101); G11B 20/00 (20060101); G10H = 001/40 ();=20 G10H 007/00 ()

Field of Search: = 84/611,612,635,636,47OR,484,411P=20

References Cited [Referenced=20 By]

U.S. Patent Documents


5747716	May 1998	Matsumoto
5824933	October 1998	Gabriel
5969283	October 1999	Looney et al.
6066792	May 2000	Sone

Foreign Patent Documents


0 932 157	Jul., 1999	EP

Other References

MixMeister 3 User Guide, Mixmeister = Technology.*=20 .
ZDNet Downloads, MixMeister 3.02 Review, Jul. 18, 2000.*=20 .
MixMeister 2.02 User Manual, Mixmeister Technology.*=20 .
Dasound.com, MJ-Studio description, Sep. 12, 1999.* = .
Mixman=20 Studiopro 4.0 PC User Guide.* .
Harmony-Central Software = Abstracts,=20 Mixman Studio Demo, Jun. 12, 1999.* .
Patent Abstracts of = Japan, No,=20 11065565, Music Reproducing Device And Music Reproducing Control = Program=20 Record Medium (Mar. 09, 1999).. =

Primary=20 Examiner: Donels; Jeffrey

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A method of automatically = producing a=20 compilation mix from a set of songs comprising the steps of

(a)=20 generating a beat profile comprising a temporal map representing an = ideal rate=20 of repeat of the dominant beat for the compilation mix at different = points in=20 time over the duration of the compilation;

(b) generating at = least one=20 set of song data indicative of the rate of repeat of the dominant beat = for each=20 of the songs in the set of songs,

(c) allocating the songs = temporally=20 within the compilation mix by processing the song data together with the = temporal map, the songs being located temporally with respect to one = another=20 such that the rate of repeat of the dominant beat of the compilation=20 approximates that indicated by the temporal map and end portions of = adjacent=20 songs overlap.

2. A method according to claim 1 which further = includes a=20 step of selecting the set of songs to form the compilation mix from one = or more=20 master sets of songs.

3. A method according to claim 2 in which = step (a)=20 includes the sub-step of selecting a beat profile from a set of = different=20 predetermined beat profiles.

4. A method according to claim 3 in = which=20 step (b) comprises processing each song that is selected to produce a = beat value=20 representative of the rate of repetition of the dominant beat of the = song.=20

5. A method according to claim 1 which further includes the step = of=20 processing each song to produce a time value indicative of the overall = duration=20 of the song from start to finish.

6. A method according to claim = 1 which=20 additionally includes the step of identifying the location of any beat = drop-outs=20 within each song.

7. A method according to claim 1 in which the = beat=20 profile is processed to calculate the value and the temporal position of = the=20 minima and maxima beat rate in the profile, the songs being allocated to = their=20 temporal positions within the compilation such that the songs having the = minima=20 and maxima beat per minute are located at the point in the sequence=20 corresponding approximately to the position of the minima and maxima of = the=20 temporal map.

8. A method according to claim 7 in which the = remaining=20 songs are allocated to the compilation mix to complete the sequence by = matching=20 the beat rate of the songs to the temporal profile using a "best-fit"=20 approximation.

9. A method according to claim 8 in which, = subsequent to=20 allocating the songs to the temporal map to determine the order of the = songs,=20 the songs are located relative to one another in time such that the = songs=20 overlap in a predetermined manner.

10. A method according to = claim 9 in=20 which the predetermined amount of overlap between songs is chosen to be = the same=20 for each song.

11. A method according to claim 10 where the song = data=20 indicates that a beat drop out is present in a song, the drop-out is = used as the=20 point at which the song ends and the subsequent song begins.

12. = A=20 method according to claim 11 in which the songs are located temporally = so that=20 the dominant beats occurring in the overlap section from each song are = aligned=20 temporally.

13. A method according to claim 12 in which one or = both of a=20 pair of overlapping portions are processed to match their rate of beat=20 repetition by speeding up one song with time-compression in the overlap = region,=20 or slowing down one song with time-stretching, or a combination of both. =

14. A method according to claim 13 which further comprise the = step of=20 gradually returning the speed of the remainder of the song over time to = bring it=20 back to its nominal (pre-adjusted) beat repetition rate.

15. A = method=20 according to claim 1 which further includes the step of fading out the = amplitude=20 (volume) of the overlapping end portion of a song and/or fading in the=20 overlapping start portion of a song.

16. An apparatus adapted to = automatically produce a compilation mix of songs.

17. Apparatus = adapted=20 to automatically produce a compilation mix of songs, which includes a = first area=20 of memory in which the songs to be compiled are stored, a processing = unit which=20 processes the data in the memory, and a computer program which, when run = on the=20 processor instructs the processor to perform the steps of:

(a)=20 generating a beat profile comprising a temporal map representing an = ideal rate=20 of repeat of the dominant beat for the compilation mix at different = points in=20 time over the duration of the compilation;

(b) generating at = least one=20 set of song data indicative of the rate of repeat of the dominant beat = for each=20 of the songs in the set of songs;

(c) allocating the songs = temporally=20 within the compilation mix by processing the song data together with the = temporal map, the songs being located temporally with respect to one = another=20 such that the rate of repeat of the dominant beat of the compilation=20 approximates that indicated by the temporal map and end portions of = adjacent=20 songs overlap.

18. Apparatus according to claim 17 which further = includes a connector for connection to an output storage device adapted = to=20 record the resulting compilation on a storage data carrier.

19.=20 Apparatus according to claim 18 which further includes a data input = device=20 whereby a user may select the temporal profile in response to a prompt = by the=20 apparatus.

20. An apparatus for enabling automatic generation of = a=20 compilation mix from a plurality of songs, the apparatus comprising: =

at=20 least one memory containing a plurality of songs operable to be compiled = and at=20 least one map of a demanded variation in dominant beat frequency over a = period=20 of time; and

a processor adapted to: establish for each of said=20 plurality of songs the dominant beat frequency; and to sequence said = plurality=20 of songs to provide correspondence between the at least one map and = relative=20 variation in dominant beat frequency of the songs.

21. The = apparatus=20 according to claim 20, wherein a plurality of maps are stored in the at = least=20 one memory.

22. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the = processor is operable to synchronize dominant beats of overlapping = portions of=20 adjacent songs in the compiled plurality of songs by altering the = dominant beat=20 frequency of at least one adjacent song.

23. The apparatus = according to=20 claim 22, wherein the processor is operable to gradually return the = dominant=20 beat frequency of the at least one song to a dominant beat frequency for = the at=20 least one adjacent song prior to being altered.

24. The = apparatus=20 according to claims 20, further comprising an output port to enable = connection=20 to a storage device, operable to store the compiled plurality of songs.=20

25. A method of automatically generating a compilation mix from = a=20 plurality of songs comprising the steps of:

creating at least = one map of=20 demanded variation in dominant beat frequency over a period of time;=20

establishing for each of the plurality of songs the dominant = beat=20 frequency; and

sequencing the plurality of songs to provide=20 correspondence between relative variation in the dominant beat frequency = of the=20 songs and the at least one map.

26. The method according to = claim 25,=20 further comprising the step of selecting the plurality of songs from at = least=20 one master set of songs.

27. The method according to claim 25, = wherein=20 the step of compiling further comprises: using a beat fit approximation = to match=20 the dominant beat frequency of each of the plurality of songs with = demanded=20 variation in dominant beat frequency of the at least one map. =

28. The=20 method according to claim 27, wherein the step of compiling further = comprises:=20

determining which songs of the plurality of songs have the = highest and=20 lowest dominant beat frequency;

determining which points on the = at least=20 one map have the highest and lowest demanded dominant beat frequency; = and=20

matching the highest dominant beat frequency song to a point on = the at=20 least one map with the highest demanded beat frequency, and matching the = lowest=20 dominant beat frequency song to a point on the at least one map with the = lowest=20 demanded beat frequency.

29. The method according to claim 25, = further=20 comprising the step of synchronizing dominant beats of overlapping = portions of=20 adjacent songs in the compiled plurality of songs by altering the = dominant beat=20 frequency of at least one adjacent song.

30. The method = according to=20 claim 29, further comprising the step of gradually returning the = dominant beat=20 frequency of the at least one adjacent song to a dominant beat frequency = of said=20 at least one adjacent song prior to being altered.

31. The = method=20 according to claim 25, wherein said step of compiling further comprises=20 overlapping the plurality of songs in a predetermined manner. =

32. The=20 method according to claim 31, wherein the predetermined manner is the = same=20 amount of overlap for each adjacent pair of songs.

=20 Description

This invention relates to a method and an apparatus for = producing a=20 compilation of overlapping songs, each song in the compilation having a = sequence=20 of repeating beats. The compilation may, for instance, be suitable for = recording=20 onto a data carrier such as a compact disc, or for broadcast by a radio = station.=20

It will be understood that by song we mean any musical song or = tune,=20 with or without a vocal element, and with or without elements of melody = and=20 harmony, where the rhythmic element of the music is characterised by = repetitive=20 beats. The invention is especially but not exclusively suitable for = compilations=20 of dance music, which is generally characterised by a continuous = repetitive=20 sequence of beats. The beat is important for dance music and usually = dominates=20 the overall subjective impression provided by the song.

It is = well known=20 to manually produce a compilation by "mixing" together a set of = individual=20 songs, usually dance music songs, to form a single continuous track in = which one=20 song is merged seamlessly into the adjacent song or songs. The resulting = compilation comprises an apparently continuous stream of music. =

At=20 present, the production of such "compilations" (sometimes referred to as = "mixes") have required many hours work by skilled Disk Jockeys (DJ's). = The job=20 of a DJ involves great skill in deciding on the order of the songs, (the = "sequence") and also skill in seamlessly mixing one track into the = other. The=20 amount of time and skill needed puts the production of compilation mixes = beyond=20 the abilities of most listeners.

We are aware of European patent = application No. EP 0932157A1. This document describes an apparatus and = method=20 for automatically performing a cross-over between two songs which are = played=20 back consecutively. As soon as the start of a pre-determined end part of = the=20 first song is detected, this end part is played simultaneously with a=20 pre-determined beginning part of the second song. After play-back of the = end=20 part concludes, the play-back continues for the second song only. During = simultaneous play-back a fade-out and/or a fade-in may be performed for = the end=20 part and/or the begin part respectively.

The apparatus known = from EP=20 0932157 has problems in that it requires, as a pre-requisite, that two = songs are=20 provided which include markers for the end part and begin part. Most, if = not all=20 songs, can not be purchased with suitable markers allocated to them for = use by=20 such an apparatus. It is not taught how such markers are established, = and=20 presumably a skilled operator is needed in order to set the markers = prior to=20 play back and choose the sequence of the songs.

An object of the = present=20 invention is to produce a method and apparatus for the production of a=20 compilation mix of songs which does not require the presence of = pre-established=20 markers and provides for greater flexibility.

According to the = present=20 invention, a method of automatically producing a compilation mix from a = set of=20 songs is provided, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) = generating a=20 beat profile comprising a temporal map representing an ideal rate of = repeat of=20 the dominant beat for the compilation mix at different points in time = over the=20 duration of the compilation;

(b) generating at least one set of = song=20 data indicative of the rate of repeat of the dominant beat for each of = the songs=20 in the set of songs,

(c) allocating the songs temporally within = the=20 compilation mix by processing the song data together with the temporal = map, the=20 songs being located temporally with respect to one another such that the = rate of=20 repeat of the dominant beat of the compilation approximates that of the = temporal=20 map and end portions of adjacent songs overlap.

The invention = thus=20 provides a method of automatically determining the sequence of the songs = according to their rate of repeat of the dominant beat (the = tempo--usually=20 measured as beats per minute) and an ideal temporal map for the = resulting=20 compilation. This enables the production of effective compilations with = a=20 predetermined overall feel to be achieved from any set of songs. =

The=20 invention may include a preliminary step of selecting the set of songs = to form=20 the compilation mix from one or more master sets of songs.

The = method=20 step (a) may comprise the sub-steps of selecting a beat profile from a = set of=20 different predetermined beat profiles. The predetermined beat profiles = may be=20 stored within an area of memory.

The beat profile may comprise a = quantitative map of the ideal beat repetition rate throughout the = duration of=20 the compilation to be constructed. It may comprise a set of beat rate = values and=20 corresponding time values for a compilation.

Alternatively, the = temporal=20 beat profile may be a qualitative map in which relative values of the = beat=20 repetition rate at various time locations in the compilation are = provided. For=20 instance, the map may consist of the location in time in the compilation = of=20 where the maximum and minimum rates should be, and the change in rate = between=20 these points.

The time information in the map may also be either = quantitative, i.e. from zero to 74 minutes or qualitative, i.e. from = "start" to=20 "finish".

The beat profile may be stored as a set of pairs of = data, each=20 pair consisting of a time location in the compilation and either a = quantitative=20 or qualitative value of the beat repetition rate.

The = predetermined beat=20 profiles may all be of a predetermined duration. In that case, the = method may=20 further comprise the steps of temporally expanding or compressing the = selected=20 profile to match the length of the compilation mix that is being = produced.=20

The step of selecting the beat profile may be automatically = performed by=20 the method. A beat profile may, for example, be selected at random from = a set of=20 profiles.

Alternatively, the beat profile may be entered or = selected=20 manually by a user. The method may therefore include a sub-step of = requesting a=20 user to enter or to select a beat profile.

The step (b) of = generating=20 song data may comprise processing each song that is selected to produce = a beat=20 value representative of the rate of repetition of the dominant beat of = the song.=20

Typically, the beat repetition rate (tempo) of a song will = remain=20 substantially constant over the duration of the song. The beat = repetition data=20 for each song may therefore comprise a step of, for each song, measuring = the=20 beats per minute of only one part of the song. This may, for instance, = be a=20 start portion, a middle portion or an end portion of the song. =

It may=20 also include the step of processing each song to produce a time value = indicative=20 of the overall duration of the song from start to finish.

It may = additionally or alternatively include the step of identifying the = location of=20 any beat drop-outs within each song. These represent points in the song = where=20 the beat stops before restarting. For instance, in a dance music song it = may be=20 a point at which a drum beat defining the dominant beat stops for a few = beats or=20 measures before restarting.

The generated song data may be = stored in=20 individual data files corresponding to each song or in a single file.=20

The beat profile may be used to calculate the value and the = temporal=20 position of the minima and maxima beat rates in the profile. Data = indicative of=20 the value and position may be stored in a memory. In some arrangements, = the=20 temporal map may already be stored in terms of minima and maxima, and so = this=20 processing is not required.

The songs may be allocated to their = temporal=20 positions within the compilation such that the songs having the minima = and=20 maxima beat per minute are located at the point in the sequence = corresponding=20 approximately to the position of the minima and maxima of the temporal = map.=20

The remaining songs may be allocated to the remaining positions = in the=20 compilation mix to complete the sequence by matching the beat rates of = the songs=20 to the temporal profile using a "best-fit" approximation.

The = allocation=20 may be made by processing the song data in combination with the temporal = map.=20

It is expected that in many applications of the present = invention the=20 duration of the created compilation will be required to be no greater = than some=20 maximum time-duration M seconds. For example, in creating a compilation = to be=20 written to a standard length compact disc (CD), the CD format imposes a = maximum=20 duration of 74 minutes (M=3D4440 seconds). In a broadcast application = the=20 compilation mix may have to fit into a precise time slot (i.e.12:05 to = 1:00 am)=20 and so the maximum time in this case would be 55 minutes.

To = create a=20 continuous/seamless mix, the songs in the compilation need to be = overlapped so=20 that the mix can cross-fade from one song to another. A variety of = overlaps are=20 envisaged within the scope of the present invention.

The method = may=20 therefore comprise the further step of, after allocating the songs to = the=20 temporal map to determine the order of the songs, locating the songs = relative to=20 one another in time such that the songs overlap in a predetermined = manner.=20

The predetermined amount of overlap between songs may initially = be=20 chosen to be the same for each song.

For a set of N songs, with = total=20 combined length T seconds, the initial amount of overlap L between each = song may=20 be automatically determined from the relative values of M and T. If T is = greater=20 than M, there is more music than can be fitted into the time duration so = each=20 song may be overlapped by an equal amount determined by the equation:=20

Subsequent to the generation of the initial overlap, the = individual=20 overlap between pairs of songs may be adjusted. For example, where the = song data=20 indicates that a beat drop out is present in a song, this may be used as = the=20 point at which the song ends and the subsequent song begins. In that = case, the=20 decision to provide equal overlap may be overruled.

After = initial=20 overlap of the songs, the method may further comprise the step of = processing the=20 songs so that the beats occurring in the overlap section from each song = are=20 aligned temporally.

This step may comprise the step of phase = aligning=20 the overlapping songs so that the dominant beats of each song are = exactly=20 aligned. Thus, the beats of each song will occur at the same time and to = the=20 listener will appear as a single beat.

The dominant beats in the = overlap=20 can only be aligned throughout the entire overlap portion if they are at = the=20 same repetition rate.

The method may therefore include the step = of=20 time-stretch and/or time-compression processing one or both of the = overlapping=20 portions to match the rate of repetition. This may be achieved by = speeding up=20 one song in the overlap region, or slowing down one song, or a = combination of=20 both.

Where the method comprises the step of speeding up/slowing = down an=20 overlapping portion of a song, the method may further comprise the step = of=20 gradually adjusting the speed of the remainder of the song over time to = bring it=20 back to its nominal (pre-adjusted) beat repetition rate. The human ear = is not=20 especially good at identifying slow changes in tempo over time, and so = such=20 adjustment can be made without the user noticing in the final = compilation.=20

After the songs have been aligned the subsequent alterations to = the=20 overlaps may require that the overall length of the resulting = compilation=20 exceeds the allocated duration, i.e. exceeds M seconds. In such a case, = the=20 method may further comprise the step of automatically truncating the = compilation=20 by fading out the final song early (before its end) or fading in the = first song=20 late (after its start), or by a combination of both.

The same = step of=20 early/late fade can also be applied if the duration of any one of the = calculated=20 overlaps exceeds a predetermined value L. This can arise if the overlap = is=20 aligned using a drop-out that occurs some way into a song. The value of = L may be=20 quantitative, i.e. 30 seconds, or qualitative, i.e. 30 percent of the = duration=20 of a song. Thus, if the overlap exceeds the predetermined threshold an=20 appropriate fade-out, fade-in or both may be used to lower the overlap = to within=20 the threshold.

If no maximum time limit is set, the overlap may = be=20 chosen at random or set to some predetermined initial value, say 20 = seconds.=20 This may also be used where the total length T of the songs for the = compilation=20 are less than the predetermined limit M. The value of the overlap may be = selected as a function of the length of the songs being compiled, for = example as=20 a percentage of the length of an outgoing song, as a percentage of a = length of=20 an incoming song, or as a percentage of the average length of the songs = being=20 overlapped. This percentage could be fixed or generated at random from a = probability distribution.

The method may further include the = step of=20 fading out the amplitude (volume) of the overlapping end portion of a = song. The=20 method may also include the step of fading in the overlapping start = portion of a=20 song. A linear increase in amplitude may be provided or it may be faded = in=20 accordance with any other predetermined pattern.

The method may = further=20 comprise the step of recording the songs in their selected order over = time onto=20 a data carrier, such as a compact disc.

According to a second = aspect,=20 the invention also provides apparatus adapted to automatically produce a = compilation mix of songs in accordance with the method of the first = aspect.=20

The apparatus may include a first area of memory in which the = songs to=20 be compiled are stored, a processing unit which processes the data in = the=20 memory, a computer program which, when run on the processor instructs = the=20 processor to perform the method of the first aspect of the invention. =

A=20 second area of memory may be provided in which one or more user defined = beat=20 profiles are stored for access by the processor.

The apparatus = may=20 further include a connector for connection to an output storage device = adapted=20 to record the resulting compilation on a storage data carrier. The = storage=20 device may comprise a compact disc writer.

The apparatus may = include a=20 data input device whereby a user may select the temporal profile in = response to=20 a prompt by the apparatus. The apparatus may produce an audio or visual = prompt.=20

According to a third aspect, the invention provides a data = carrier=20 including a computer program which, when operating on a computer, = produces an=20 apparatus according to the second aspect of the invention.

There = will=20 now be described, by way of example only, one embodiment of the present=20 invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which: =

FIG. 1=20 is a schematic of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention = for=20 automatically producing a compilation of songs;

FIG. 2 is a = general flow=20 diagram of the overall method carried out by the apparatus of FIG. 1;=20

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating the steps involved in = selecting=20 the songs to be used in constructing the compilation mix;

FIG. 4 = is a=20 flow diagram illustrating the steps of calculating the temporal profile = of the=20 compilation mix;

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating the steps = of=20 calculating the song data for storage in data files;

FIG. 6 is a = flow=20 diagram illustrating the steps of allocating the songs to temporal = locations=20 within the compilation;

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of the steps = for=20 providing seamless transitions between songs; and

FIG. 8 is a = diagram=20 showing three typical beat profiles.

FIG. 1 is a schematic = diagram of an=20 apparatus in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. =

The=20 apparatus comprises three main functional elements. Firstly, a memory = storage=20 area 1 is provided which stores, in either digital or analogue form, a = number of=20 songs from which a compilation mix is to be made. As shown, this = comprises a=20 compact disc player which reads compact discs on which songs are = recorded in a=20 digital format. The storage may alternatively or additionally comprise a = solid=20 state electronic memory, and/or magnetic storage such as a number of = hard drives=20 and/or magnetic tape drives. Any combination of these and other storage=20 technologies are appropriate.

A compilation generation apparatus = 2 is=20 provided, which includes a central processing unit 3 and a first area of = memory=20 4 which stores a program that provides operating instructions to the = central=20 processing unit 3. The apparatus further includes an input port 5 which = is=20 connected to the memory storage area 1 whereby the central processing = unit 3 can=20 download the song data from the storage area. In the example, the = compilation=20 apparatus 2 is located in the same room as the memory storage area 1, = and is=20 connected through a conductive cable 6, such as a copper cable. Optical=20 connections could be used, and it is envisaged that the storage area may = be=20 located in a different geographical area for access over the telephone = network=20 using a modem.

The compilation generation apparatus 2 further = includes=20 an intermediate memory buffer 7 into which the songs to be compiled are = stored=20 prior to processing, and into which song data produced by processing the = songs=20 can be stored.

An output port 8 is also provided with enables = the final=20 compilation mix in the intermediate memory 7 to be passed along a cable = 9 to a=20 storage device such as a CD writer 10.

It will be appreciated = that the=20 compilation generation apparatus may be embodied as a personal computer = in which=20 case it will further include an input device (not shown) for receiving = commands=20 from a user and a display (not shown).

The apparatus = automatically=20 produces a compilation by performing the steps illustrated in the flow = charts of=20 FIGS. 2 to 7 of the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart = which=20 gives an overview of the key steps performed in the compilation method = performed=20 by the apparatus of FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings.

In a = first step=20 21, the songs which will make up the finished compilation mix are = selected from=20 those stored in the first storage area 1. Subsequently, a temporal beat = profile=20 is selected 22 for the finished compilation. This profile provides a = template=20 for the finished compilation and determines the mood of the finished=20 compilation. Several different profiles may be provided.

FIGS. = 8(a) to=20 8(c) illustrate three possible profiles. Each illustration plots a = qualitative=20 value of beats per minute (bpm) against time over the length of the = compilation.=20 In FIG. 8(a), the bpm starts at a lower value, designated "minimum". = This=20 gradually increases over time to a "maximum" value, and then decreases = towards=20 the end. In FIG. 8(b) the bpm starts at a "maximum" value and gradually = falls.=20 In FIG. 8(c) it starts at a minimum and gradually increases over time. = In each=20 case, the profile covers a time span from "start" to "stop". The profile = can=20 thus be scaled, for example to correspond to the maximum run-time of a = standard=20 format compact disc.

Having selected the desired "ideal" = profile, the=20 selected songs are next classified 23 to generate a set of song data. A = data=20 record is generated for each song in which is recorded the average bpm = of the=20 song, its run-time (length) and the location of any drop-outs in the = song.=20

In the next step, the songs are allocated 24 to the profile to = determine=20 the order in which the songs will play in the finished compilation. This = is=20 performed by comparing the song data in the data records with the = temporal=20 profile that has been selected to provide a best fit. This ensures the = bpm of=20 the compilation follows, as closely as possible, the ideal bpm profile.=20

After allocating a play order of the songs, the amount of = overlap=20 between songs is calculated and the overlapping portions are processed = 25 to=20 provide a seamless transition between songs.

Finally, the = processed set=20 of songs is output 26 to the storage area for recording onto the compact = disc by=20 the compact disc writer.

Each of the steps is performed = automatically=20 and is illustrated in more detail in the flow charts of FIGS. 3 to 7 and = is=20 described below.

The step of selecting songs 21 is represented=20 schematically in FIG. 3 of the accompanying drawings.

Song = selection can=20 be made either manually by a user who selects from a list or = automatically.=20 Initially, the apparatus queries 31 whether manual or automatic = selection is=20 required.

If manual selection is required, the user is next = prompted 32=20 to select a song. A list of songs from which the selection is to be made = may be=20 displayed or a prompt may be made for the user to provide a song. For = example,=20 following the prompt, the user may load a compact disc containing the = song into=20 the CD player.

Once a selection has been made 33 (from a list or = providing a disc), the selected song is stored 35 in intermediate = memory. The=20 song itself may be recorded in the memory, or a marker may be stored = which=20 points to the location of the selected song.

The total run-time = of the=20 compilation mix is also requested 34. This may be entered by a user from = a=20 prompt or may be a default value. For example, for a compact disc the = default of=20 74 minutes may be used. For a compilation for play on a radio show, = other=20 lengths may be stored.

The apparatus continues to request songs = to be=20 selected until the user indicates that the selection is complete or = until the=20 length of the songs when played end-to-end exceeds the requested = run-time. The=20 selection is then complete. After selection, a complete set of songs, or = markers=20 pointing to the location of songs, is stored in the intermediate memory. =

The temporal beat profile is next calculated or selected, as = illustrated=20 in the flow chart of FIG. 4 of the accompanying drawings. Again, a = profile may=20 be selected automatically or manually by a user. The apparatus therefore = initially queries 41 the selection status. A set of profiles is stored = in memory=20 and identified by an appropriate label, i.e. profile A, profile B, = profile C,=20 etc. j The apparatus prompts 42 the user to select an appropriate = profile by=20 entering the label relating to the profile from the input device. =

If=20 automatic selection is requested, the profile is either chosen at random = or a=20 default profile is used. This profile is then stretched/compressed = temporally to=20 fit the length of the compilation required.

Once a profile has = been=20 selected 43 it is stored in memory or the label identifying the selected = profile=20 is recorded 44.

In the next step, illustrated in more detail in = the flow=20 chart of FIG. 5, the selected songs are analysed to generate a set of = data=20 records. For each song 51 a blank data file is first produced 52. The = average=20 rate of repetition of the dominant beat of the song is calculated 53 and = stored=20 54 in the data file for the respective song. The temporal length of the = song is=20 calculated and stored 55, and the temporal location within the song of = any=20 drop-outs is calculated 56 and stored 57 in the data file. After = analysing the=20 first song, the process is repeated 58 until all songs are analysed and = a full=20 set of data files has been produced.

The selected temporal = profile and=20 the data files are used to arrange the order of the songs in the = completed=20 compilation mix as best illustrated in the flow chart of FIG. 6 of the=20 accompanying drawings.

The profile is first analysed 61 to = calculate the=20 ideal temporal position of the highest and lowest beats per minute. The = profile=20 is then divided 62 into N temporal slices, each slice being ranked in = order by=20 the beats per minute value in the profile.

The slice having the = highest=20 beats per minute is then matched 63 to the song whose data file = indicates it has=20 the highest beats per minute. Similarly, the slice with the lowest beats = per=20 minute is matched 64 to the song whose data file has the lowest bpm. =

The=20 remaining songs are then allocated 65 to the profile so as to provide a=20 "best-fit" solution before the songs are aligned 66.

If all the = songs=20 are the same length, the temporal profile is divided into equal width = slices,=20 the width of the slice being equal to the length of a song. In that = case, songs=20 are fitted directly to the slots with a small amount of overlap.=20

Alternatively, the highest and lowest bpm songs may be "centred" = around=20 the maxima and minima in the profiles. The remaining songs are then = fitted into=20 the profile and the songs are re-aligned to provide the smallest overlap = between=20 songs. The overlaps may be made equal length.

Having arranged = the songs=20 into an approximate run-time order, and roughly overlapped the songs, = the=20 overlapped portions are next processed to provide a seamless transition = between=20 songs. This is illustrated in the flow chart of FIG. 7 of the = accompanying=20 drawings.

Initially, the first two songs allocated to the = sequence are=20 selected, and the areas of overlap are analysed. The apparatus checks 71 = to see=20 if the bpm value data in the two data files is the same. If not, then = the two=20 overlapping portions are processed 72 by either time-compressing to = speed up or=20 time-stretching to slow down one or both of the songs until their tempos = are=20 matched.

After ensuring the beats match, the phase of the two = end=20 portions are aligned 73. This is achieved by moving the two songs = temporally=20 until the beats coincide.

Having aligned the two songs, a fade = is then=20 applied to both songs. The end of the first song is faded out 74, whilst = the=20 start of the next song is faded in 75. This can be achieved by = allocating an=20 amplitude profile to the songs which is stored in the data file for the = song.=20 The data record contains this information alongside the information = indicating=20 where the songs start and finish.

If the speed of an overlap = portion has=20 been adjusted, the songs are next processed so that the speed returns to = its=20 normal value throughout the song.

The process is again repeated = 76 if=20 required until all the songs have been processed.

Finally, the = data held=20 in the data files, which provides a full indication of the temporal = alignment,=20 phase adjustment, and amplitude data for fading is used to record the = completed=20 compilation mix onto the CD in the CD writer. In an alternative, the = details may=20 be written to the CD writer alongside a set of separate tracks. On = play-back,=20 the data file is used to control the order and timing of play-back so = that a=20 full compilation mix is heard.

* * * * *

=20

=20

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Current U.S. = Class:	84/611 ; 84/484; = 84/635
Current International = Class:=20	G11B = 27/031 (20060101); G10H=20 1/40 (20060101); G10H 1/00 (20060101); G11B=20 27/034 (20060101); G11B 20/00 (20060101); G10H = 001/40 ();=20 G10H 007/00 ()
Field of Search: =	84/611,612,635,636,47OR,484,411P=20