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Broadband single cell impedance spectroscopy using maximum length sequences: theoretical analysis and practical considerations

Broadband single cell impedance spectroscopy using maximum length sequences: theoretical analysis and practical considerations
Broadband single cell impedance spectroscopy using maximum length sequences: theoretical analysis and practical considerations
Measurements of the dielectric (or impedance) properties of cells can be used as a general characterization and diagnostic tool. In this paper, we describe a novel impedance spectroscopy technique for the analysis of single biological cells in suspension. The technique uses maximum length sequences (MLS) for periodic excitation signal in a microfluidic impedance cytometer. The method allows multi-frequency single cell impedance measurements to be made in a short time period (ms). Spectral information is obtained in the frequency domain by applying a fast M-sequence transform (FMT) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) to the time domain response. Theoretically, the impedance is determined from the transfer function of the system when the MLS is a current excitation. The order of the MLS and sampling rate of A/D conversion are two factors that determine the bandwidth and spectral accuracy of the technique. Experimentally, the applicability of the technique is demonstrated by characterizing the impedance spectrum of red blood cells (RBCs) in a microfluidic cytometer. The impedance is measured within 1 ms at 512 discrete frequencies, evenly distributed in the range from 976.56 Hz to 500 kHz. The measured spectrum shows good agreement with simulations.
1361-6501
2859-2868
Sun, Tao
b2f8e932-a7e6-4fe7-94dd-5c4ce725eacb
Gawad, Shady
98f746a7-4bcc-42bb-a450-dafda85be29c
Bernabini, Catia
a5f50aeb-1dcf-40f0-9dff-892294e140d9
Green, Nicolas G
d9b47269-c426-41fd-a41d-5f4579faa581
Morgan, Hywel
de00d59f-a5a2-48c4-a99a-1d5dd7854174
Sun, Tao
b2f8e932-a7e6-4fe7-94dd-5c4ce725eacb
Gawad, Shady
98f746a7-4bcc-42bb-a450-dafda85be29c
Bernabini, Catia
a5f50aeb-1dcf-40f0-9dff-892294e140d9
Green, Nicolas G
d9b47269-c426-41fd-a41d-5f4579faa581
Morgan, Hywel
de00d59f-a5a2-48c4-a99a-1d5dd7854174

Sun, Tao, Gawad, Shady, Bernabini, Catia, Green, Nicolas G and Morgan, Hywel (2007) Broadband single cell impedance spectroscopy using maximum length sequences: theoretical analysis and practical considerations. Measurement Science and Technology, 18, 2859-2868. (doi:10.1088/0957-0233/18/9/015).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Measurements of the dielectric (or impedance) properties of cells can be used as a general characterization and diagnostic tool. In this paper, we describe a novel impedance spectroscopy technique for the analysis of single biological cells in suspension. The technique uses maximum length sequences (MLS) for periodic excitation signal in a microfluidic impedance cytometer. The method allows multi-frequency single cell impedance measurements to be made in a short time period (ms). Spectral information is obtained in the frequency domain by applying a fast M-sequence transform (FMT) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) to the time domain response. Theoretically, the impedance is determined from the transfer function of the system when the MLS is a current excitation. The order of the MLS and sampling rate of A/D conversion are two factors that determine the bandwidth and spectral accuracy of the technique. Experimentally, the applicability of the technique is demonstrated by characterizing the impedance spectrum of red blood cells (RBCs) in a microfluidic cytometer. The impedance is measured within 1 ms at 512 discrete frequencies, evenly distributed in the range from 976.56 Hz to 500 kHz. The measured spectrum shows good agreement with simulations.

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Published date: July 2007
Organisations: Electronics & Computer Science

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 264335
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/264335
ISSN: 1361-6501
PURE UUID: 64c74d37-e2d9-4fe8-9aba-2f3e1f337562
ORCID for Nicolas G Green: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-9230-4455
ORCID for Hywel Morgan: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-5676

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 23 Jul 2007
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 03:20

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Contributors

Author: Tao Sun
Author: Shady Gawad
Author: Catia Bernabini
Author: Nicolas G Green ORCID iD
Author: Hywel Morgan ORCID iD

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