Maximum skin hyperaemia induced by local heating: possible mechanisms
Maximum skin hyperaemia induced by local heating: possible mechanisms
Background: Maximum skin hyperaemia (MH) induced by heating skin to 42°C is impaired in individuals at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Interpretation of these findings is hampered by the lack of clarity of the mechanisms involved in the attainment of MH.
Methods: MH was achieved by local heating of skin to 42-43°C for 30 min, and assessed by laser Doppler fluximetry. Using double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study designs, the roles of prostaglandins were investigated by inhibiting their production with aspirin and histamine, with the H1 receptor antagonist cetirizine. The nitric oxide (NO) pathway was blocked by the NO synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl esther (L-NAME), and enhanced by sildenafil (prevents breakdown of cGMP).
Results: MH was not altered by aspirin, cetirizine or sildenafil, but was reduced by L-NAME: median placebo 4.48 V (25th, 75th centiles: 3.71, 4.70) versus L-NAME 3.25 V (3.10, 3.80) (p = 0.008, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Inhibition of NO production (L-NAME) resulted in a more rapid reduction in hyperaemia after heating (p = 0.011), whereas hyperaemia was prolonged in the presence of sildenafil (p = 0.003). The increase in skin blood flow was largely confined to the directly heated area, suggesting that the role of heat-induced activation of the axon reflex was small.
Conclusion: NO, but not prostaglandins, histamine or an axon reflex, contributes to the increase in blood flow on heating and NO is also a component of the resolution of MH after heating.
maximum hyperaemia, local heating, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, histamine, axon reflex
270-277
Gooding, K.M.
269f7c0a-d586-49f0-b1c1-c21c59528c19
Hannemann, M.M.
02ee7be3-4b22-45a1-bf54-ca51817d19e9
Tooke, J.E.
e2f843a8-78c9-4f1e-a67e-d1c96923a006
Clough, G.F.
9f19639e-a929-4976-ac35-259f9011c494
Shore, A.C.
4402b277-66f2-4e82-a1c3-9a63aff2de4c
2006
Gooding, K.M.
269f7c0a-d586-49f0-b1c1-c21c59528c19
Hannemann, M.M.
02ee7be3-4b22-45a1-bf54-ca51817d19e9
Tooke, J.E.
e2f843a8-78c9-4f1e-a67e-d1c96923a006
Clough, G.F.
9f19639e-a929-4976-ac35-259f9011c494
Shore, A.C.
4402b277-66f2-4e82-a1c3-9a63aff2de4c
Gooding, K.M., Hannemann, M.M., Tooke, J.E., Clough, G.F. and Shore, A.C.
(2006)
Maximum skin hyperaemia induced by local heating: possible mechanisms.
Journal of Vascular Research, 43 (3), .
(doi:10.1159/000091736).
Abstract
Background: Maximum skin hyperaemia (MH) induced by heating skin to 42°C is impaired in individuals at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Interpretation of these findings is hampered by the lack of clarity of the mechanisms involved in the attainment of MH.
Methods: MH was achieved by local heating of skin to 42-43°C for 30 min, and assessed by laser Doppler fluximetry. Using double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study designs, the roles of prostaglandins were investigated by inhibiting their production with aspirin and histamine, with the H1 receptor antagonist cetirizine. The nitric oxide (NO) pathway was blocked by the NO synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl esther (L-NAME), and enhanced by sildenafil (prevents breakdown of cGMP).
Results: MH was not altered by aspirin, cetirizine or sildenafil, but was reduced by L-NAME: median placebo 4.48 V (25th, 75th centiles: 3.71, 4.70) versus L-NAME 3.25 V (3.10, 3.80) (p = 0.008, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Inhibition of NO production (L-NAME) resulted in a more rapid reduction in hyperaemia after heating (p = 0.011), whereas hyperaemia was prolonged in the presence of sildenafil (p = 0.003). The increase in skin blood flow was largely confined to the directly heated area, suggesting that the role of heat-induced activation of the axon reflex was small.
Conclusion: NO, but not prostaglandins, histamine or an axon reflex, contributes to the increase in blood flow on heating and NO is also a component of the resolution of MH after heating.
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Published date: 2006
Keywords:
maximum hyperaemia, local heating, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, histamine, axon reflex
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Local EPrints ID: 27071
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/27071
ISSN: 1018-1172
PURE UUID: 91cf8a6c-58c3-4347-b596-5f9280833c97
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Date deposited: 26 Apr 2006
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 02:54
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Author:
K.M. Gooding
Author:
M.M. Hannemann
Author:
J.E. Tooke
Author:
A.C. Shore
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