The role of Toll-like receptors and related receptors of the innate immune system in asthma
The role of Toll-like receptors and related receptors of the innate immune system in asthma
Purpose of review: The biology of the innate immunity receptors is of central importance in the host response to the environment. Identifying genetic variants that alter the innate immune response is highly relevant to understanding asthma pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent studies of the role of innate immunity receptors, including Toll-like receptors and CD14, in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Recent findings: The majority of studies published since 2004 have been genetic association studies in various clinical settings, which have found positive associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 and TLR10 with asthma or atopy, although the number of studies is small and the results not yet replicated. The designs for CD14 genetic studies have been more sophisticated and have included gene-environment interaction. The results of CD14 gene associations with asthma and atopy are suggestive but have not been fully replicated. Potential reasons for non-replication of TLR and CD14 association studies include insufficient power, type I error, population heterogeneity and different phenotypes studied. In addition, there may be differences in CD14 genetic effects between childhood and adulthood, and between levels of endotoxin exposure.
Summary: The evidence is still being accumulated for the role of Toll-like receptor polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of asthma. There is emerging evidence for the role of CD14 polymorphisms in the development of asthma and atopy. Further studies of innate immunity in asthma and allergy are required, using rigorous study design, measurement of environmental exposure and intermediate phenotypes to demonstrate single nucleotide polymorphism functionality.
23-28
Yang, I.A.
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Fong, K.M.
229e0156-4c04-44b1-a01c-5c50064681b4
Holgate, S.T.
2e7c17a9-6796-436e-8772-1fe6d2ac5edc
Holloway, J.W.
4bbd77e6-c095-445d-a36b-a50a72f6fe1a
2006
Yang, I.A.
0da6e2cb-d200-440e-ba70-48fb8e7738cd
Fong, K.M.
229e0156-4c04-44b1-a01c-5c50064681b4
Holgate, S.T.
2e7c17a9-6796-436e-8772-1fe6d2ac5edc
Holloway, J.W.
4bbd77e6-c095-445d-a36b-a50a72f6fe1a
Yang, I.A., Fong, K.M., Holgate, S.T. and Holloway, J.W.
(2006)
The role of Toll-like receptors and related receptors of the innate immune system in asthma.
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 6 (1), .
Abstract
Purpose of review: The biology of the innate immunity receptors is of central importance in the host response to the environment. Identifying genetic variants that alter the innate immune response is highly relevant to understanding asthma pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent studies of the role of innate immunity receptors, including Toll-like receptors and CD14, in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Recent findings: The majority of studies published since 2004 have been genetic association studies in various clinical settings, which have found positive associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 and TLR10 with asthma or atopy, although the number of studies is small and the results not yet replicated. The designs for CD14 genetic studies have been more sophisticated and have included gene-environment interaction. The results of CD14 gene associations with asthma and atopy are suggestive but have not been fully replicated. Potential reasons for non-replication of TLR and CD14 association studies include insufficient power, type I error, population heterogeneity and different phenotypes studied. In addition, there may be differences in CD14 genetic effects between childhood and adulthood, and between levels of endotoxin exposure.
Summary: The evidence is still being accumulated for the role of Toll-like receptor polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of asthma. There is emerging evidence for the role of CD14 polymorphisms in the development of asthma and atopy. Further studies of innate immunity in asthma and allergy are required, using rigorous study design, measurement of environmental exposure and intermediate phenotypes to demonstrate single nucleotide polymorphism functionality.
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Published date: 2006
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 27503
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/27503
ISSN: 1528-4050
PURE UUID: dc0117f1-2062-4648-855e-cfe5fefc58d7
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Date deposited: 26 Apr 2006
Last modified: 28 Apr 2022 01:42
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Author:
I.A. Yang
Author:
K.M. Fong
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