Brown, Giorgina and Micklewright, John (2004) Using international surveys of achievement and literacy: a view from the outside. , United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 57pp.
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/34630/

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Abstract

The paper reports on experience of using three international surveys of learning achievement or functional literacy: TIMSS, PISA and IALS. The continued development of new surveys means that it is all the more important for users to share their knowledge of the sources. A range of issues are considered of which the most important are (i) the robustness of results to the method used for aggregating the answers for each individual into a single score; (ii) the methods that can be used for presenting summary statistics; and (iii) the need to systematically compare the basic results of the different surveys.

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