Price, Jonathan H.V., Feng, Xian, Heidt, A.M., Brambilla, Gilberto, Horak, Peter, Poletti, Francesco, Ponzo, Giorgio, Petropoulos, Periklis, Petrovich, Marco, Shi, Jindan, Ibsen, Morten, Loh, Wei H., Rutt, Harvey N. and Richardson, David J. (2012) Supercontinuum generation in non-silica fibers. Optical Fiber Technology, 18 (5), 327-344. (doi:10.1016/j.yofte.2012.07.013).
Abstract
The development of super continuum sources is driven by the requirements of a wide range of emerging applications. This paper points out how non-silica fibers are of benefit not only because their broad mid-IR transparency enables continuum generation in the 2–5µm region but also since the high intrinsic nonlinearity of the glasses reduces the power-threshold for devices at wavelengths below 2µm. For these glasses, the material zero-dispersion wavelength is typically shifted to long wavelengths compared to silica so dispersion tailoring is key to creating sources based on practical, near-IR, solid state pump lasers. We show how modeling work has produced fiber designs that provide flattened dispersion profiles with high nonlinearity coefficients and zero-dispersion wavelengths in the near-IR. Building on this flexibility, modeling of the pulse dynamics then demonstrates how coherent mid-IR supercontinuum sources could be developed. We also show the importance of the second zero-dispersion wavelength using bismuth fibers as an example. Nonlinear mode-coupling is shown to be a factor in larger core fibers for high-power applications. Demonstrations of supercontinuum in microstructured tellurite fibers, all-solid lead–silicate (SF57) fibers and in bismuth fibers and tapers are then reported to show what has been achieved experimentally using a range of materials and fiber geometries.
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