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Selection on domestication traits and quantitative trait loci in crop-wild sunflower hybrids

Selection on domestication traits and quantitative trait loci in crop-wild sunflower hybrids
Selection on domestication traits and quantitative trait loci in crop-wild sunflower hybrids
The strength and extent of gene flow from crops into wild populations depends, in part, on the fitness of the crop alleles, as well as that of alleles at linked loci. Interest in crop–wild gene flow has increased with the advent of transgenic plants, but nontransgenic crop–wild hybrids can provide case studies to understand the factors influencing introgression, provided that the genetic architecture and the fitness effects of loci are known. This study used recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from a cross between crop and wild sunflowers to assess selection on domestication traits and quantitative trait loci (QTL) in two contrasting environments, in Indiana and Nebraska, USA. Only a small fraction of plants (9%) produced seed in Nebraska, due to adverse weather conditions, while the majority of plants (79%) in Indiana reproduced. Phenotypic selection analysis found that a mixture of crop and wild traits were favoured in Indiana (i.e. had significant selection gradients), including larger leaves, increased floral longevity, larger disk diameter, reduced ray flower size and smaller achene (seed) mass. Selection favouring early flowering was detected in Nebraska. QTLs for fitness were found at the end of linkage groups six (LG6) and nine (LG9) in both field sites, each explaining 11–12% of the total variation. Crop alleles were favoured on LG9, but wild alleles were favoured on LG6. QTLs for numerous domestication traits overlapped with the fitness QTLs, including flowering date, achene mass, head number, and disk diameter. It remains to be seen if these QTL clusters are the product of multiple linked genes, or individual genes with pleiotropic effects. These results indicate that crop trait values and alleles may sometimes be favoured in a noncrop environment and across broad geographical regions.
crop-wild hybridization, hybrid zones, phenotypic selection, QTL analysis, recombinant inbred lines (RILs), sunflower
0962-1083
666-677
Baack, E.J.
06bd52e7-42d4-461d-b89e-863735069e90
Sapir, Y.
1634df74-2e0d-4bba-aa30-e4a4c4334ec9
Chapman, M.A.
8bac4a92-bfa7-4c3c-af29-9af852ef6383
Burke, J.M.
5110d8b4-546a-4e5d-9fa0-9ae93a818c09
Rieseberg, L.H.
de67fa04-7fad-424b-ab2e-a1adb53f6d87
Baack, E.J.
06bd52e7-42d4-461d-b89e-863735069e90
Sapir, Y.
1634df74-2e0d-4bba-aa30-e4a4c4334ec9
Chapman, M.A.
8bac4a92-bfa7-4c3c-af29-9af852ef6383
Burke, J.M.
5110d8b4-546a-4e5d-9fa0-9ae93a818c09
Rieseberg, L.H.
de67fa04-7fad-424b-ab2e-a1adb53f6d87

Baack, E.J., Sapir, Y., Chapman, M.A., Burke, J.M. and Rieseberg, L.H. (2008) Selection on domestication traits and quantitative trait loci in crop-wild sunflower hybrids. Molecular Ecology, 17 (2), 666-677. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03596.x).

Record type: Article

Abstract

The strength and extent of gene flow from crops into wild populations depends, in part, on the fitness of the crop alleles, as well as that of alleles at linked loci. Interest in crop–wild gene flow has increased with the advent of transgenic plants, but nontransgenic crop–wild hybrids can provide case studies to understand the factors influencing introgression, provided that the genetic architecture and the fitness effects of loci are known. This study used recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from a cross between crop and wild sunflowers to assess selection on domestication traits and quantitative trait loci (QTL) in two contrasting environments, in Indiana and Nebraska, USA. Only a small fraction of plants (9%) produced seed in Nebraska, due to adverse weather conditions, while the majority of plants (79%) in Indiana reproduced. Phenotypic selection analysis found that a mixture of crop and wild traits were favoured in Indiana (i.e. had significant selection gradients), including larger leaves, increased floral longevity, larger disk diameter, reduced ray flower size and smaller achene (seed) mass. Selection favouring early flowering was detected in Nebraska. QTLs for fitness were found at the end of linkage groups six (LG6) and nine (LG9) in both field sites, each explaining 11–12% of the total variation. Crop alleles were favoured on LG9, but wild alleles were favoured on LG6. QTLs for numerous domestication traits overlapped with the fitness QTLs, including flowering date, achene mass, head number, and disk diameter. It remains to be seen if these QTL clusters are the product of multiple linked genes, or individual genes with pleiotropic effects. These results indicate that crop trait values and alleles may sometimes be favoured in a noncrop environment and across broad geographical regions.

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More information

Published date: 2008
Keywords: crop-wild hybridization, hybrid zones, phenotypic selection, QTL analysis, recombinant inbred lines (RILs), sunflower
Organisations: Centre for Biological Sciences

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 352734
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/352734
ISSN: 0962-1083
PURE UUID: 6679a811-ecd7-4f9c-b578-7e2ba1124b7b
ORCID for M.A. Chapman: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-7151-723X

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 20 May 2013 13:11
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 03:46

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Contributors

Author: E.J. Baack
Author: Y. Sapir
Author: M.A. Chapman ORCID iD
Author: J.M. Burke
Author: L.H. Rieseberg

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