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From walking to running: applying a dynamical systems approach to the development of locomotor skills

From walking to running: applying a dynamical systems approach to the development of locomotor skills
From walking to running: applying a dynamical systems approach to the development of locomotor skills
Developmental transitions of complex systems may be studied by selecting (collective) variables that constrain the degrees of freedom for each developmental state. In a dynamical systems approach, the transitions from state to state are engendered through the scaling of contributing subsystems (control parameters). In this study, the locomotor skills of walking and running were compared in newly running infants by observing several likely collective variables including relative stance, estimated pathway of center of mass, and segmental/joint action. 4 children were filmed longitudinally at 5.5, 7.5, and 9.5 months of independent walking and then at 3 years of age. 3 trials per gait were selected for single stride analysis and compared with data from 4 adults. In general, the proposed collective variables showed transitional forms over the first few months of running, indicating a relatively continuous change between the 2 gait forms. Coordination of the knee joint was very similar between gaits and across age, but the ankle joint was less consistent for both gaits in the infants. Relative stance and stride length data indicated that the children could not generate vertical and horizontal displacement. These findings echo those found in newly walking infants and suggest that similar rate-limiting parameters are present for both gaits
0009-3920
1541-1553
Whitall, Jill
9761aefb-be80-4270-bc1f-0e726399376e
Getchell, Nancy
ad8930a7-1a17-4c02-941a-cbe52984277f
Whitall, Jill
9761aefb-be80-4270-bc1f-0e726399376e
Getchell, Nancy
ad8930a7-1a17-4c02-941a-cbe52984277f

Whitall, Jill and Getchell, Nancy (1995) From walking to running: applying a dynamical systems approach to the development of locomotor skills. Child Development, 66 (5), 1541-1553. (doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00951.x).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Developmental transitions of complex systems may be studied by selecting (collective) variables that constrain the degrees of freedom for each developmental state. In a dynamical systems approach, the transitions from state to state are engendered through the scaling of contributing subsystems (control parameters). In this study, the locomotor skills of walking and running were compared in newly running infants by observing several likely collective variables including relative stance, estimated pathway of center of mass, and segmental/joint action. 4 children were filmed longitudinally at 5.5, 7.5, and 9.5 months of independent walking and then at 3 years of age. 3 trials per gait were selected for single stride analysis and compared with data from 4 adults. In general, the proposed collective variables showed transitional forms over the first few months of running, indicating a relatively continuous change between the 2 gait forms. Coordination of the knee joint was very similar between gaits and across age, but the ankle joint was less consistent for both gaits in the infants. Relative stance and stride length data indicated that the children could not generate vertical and horizontal displacement. These findings echo those found in newly walking infants and suggest that similar rate-limiting parameters are present for both gaits

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Published date: October 1995
Organisations: Faculty of Health Sciences

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Local EPrints ID: 360760
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/360760
ISSN: 0009-3920
PURE UUID: 66a747c4-19d7-43a8-9ce8-43e9c32dcf21

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Date deposited: 20 Dec 2013 11:36
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 15:41

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Author: Jill Whitall
Author: Nancy Getchell

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