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Altered colonic mucosal availability of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ulcerative colitis and the relationship to disease activity

Altered colonic mucosal availability of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ulcerative colitis and the relationship to disease activity
Altered colonic mucosal availability of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ulcerative colitis and the relationship to disease activity
Background and Aims
The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) arachidonic acid (AA, n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, n-3) are precursors of eicosanoids and other lipid mediators which have critical roles in inflammation. The mediators formed from the different PUFA have different potencies. We hypothesised that metabolic changes associated with colonic mucosal inflammation would modify the bioavailability of the eicosanoid precursors AA and EPA.

Methods
Colonic mucosa biopsies were obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis and from matched controls. Inflammation was graded endoscopically and histologically. Esterified and non-esterified fatty acids were determined within the biopsies using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively.

Results
Biopsy samples were collected from 69 UC patients (54 providing both inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa) and 69 controls. Inflamed mucosa had higher AA (p < 0.001) and lower EPA (p < 0.010) contents and a higher AA:EPA ratio (p < 0.001). Inflamed mucosa also had higher docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lower linoleic acid (LA) and ?-linolenic acid (?-LNA) contents (all p < 0.001), compared to non-inflamed and controls. There were significant correlations between severity of inflammation and contents of AA, DPA and DHA (positive correlations) and of LA, ?-LNA and EPA (negative correlations).

Conclusions
Higher AA, AA:EPA ratio, DPA and DHA and lower LA, ?-LNA and EPA are seen in inflamed mucosa in UC and correlate with severity of inflammation. This suggests an alteration in fatty acid metabolism in the inflamed gut mucosa, which may offer novel targets for intervention and should be considered if nutritional strategies are used.
inflammation, eicosanoid, cytokine, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid
1873-9946
70-79
Pearl, D.S.
de33fe22-d11b-4c8b-809a-9538d5c77787
Masoodi, M.
853193d1-a2a9-4eef-afb6-172c1915ce08
Eiden, M.
b6357cf6-d84d-435f-bb07-685a87d4bf33
Brümmer, J.
7281af65-24c7-4a44-9d29-8d20732f7680
Gullick, D.
106a1ab6-9147-4f60-92fb-bf7409f7173f
McKeever, T.M.
b351193e-1f1f-4d26-9b69-449a3a22e9fc
Whittaker, M.A.
403c6ce9-9756-4fde-a9a8-6a6c089d771c
Nitch-Smith, H.
e9e08b2c-6c08-4add-8693-cbe22bcbc3d3
Brown, J.F.
78f676b1-7ec5-41b5-bffb-d4f8bbc189d9
Shute, J.K.
21aa47b2-7a14-4706-981d-f6cc6be58bf4
Mills, G.
722f7a75-1d4c-40ca-a974-201af08166e6
Calder, P.C.
1797e54f-378e-4dcb-80a4-3e30018f07a6
Trebble, T.
14b25cc8-5a3f-4aef-aa93-a29e97241f7e
Pearl, D.S.
de33fe22-d11b-4c8b-809a-9538d5c77787
Masoodi, M.
853193d1-a2a9-4eef-afb6-172c1915ce08
Eiden, M.
b6357cf6-d84d-435f-bb07-685a87d4bf33
Brümmer, J.
7281af65-24c7-4a44-9d29-8d20732f7680
Gullick, D.
106a1ab6-9147-4f60-92fb-bf7409f7173f
McKeever, T.M.
b351193e-1f1f-4d26-9b69-449a3a22e9fc
Whittaker, M.A.
403c6ce9-9756-4fde-a9a8-6a6c089d771c
Nitch-Smith, H.
e9e08b2c-6c08-4add-8693-cbe22bcbc3d3
Brown, J.F.
78f676b1-7ec5-41b5-bffb-d4f8bbc189d9
Shute, J.K.
21aa47b2-7a14-4706-981d-f6cc6be58bf4
Mills, G.
722f7a75-1d4c-40ca-a974-201af08166e6
Calder, P.C.
1797e54f-378e-4dcb-80a4-3e30018f07a6
Trebble, T.
14b25cc8-5a3f-4aef-aa93-a29e97241f7e

Pearl, D.S., Masoodi, M., Eiden, M., Brümmer, J., Gullick, D., McKeever, T.M., Whittaker, M.A., Nitch-Smith, H., Brown, J.F., Shute, J.K., Mills, G., Calder, P.C. and Trebble, T. (2014) Altered colonic mucosal availability of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ulcerative colitis and the relationship to disease activity. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, 8 (1), 70-79. (doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2013.03.013). (PMID:23619007)

Record type: Article

Abstract

Background and Aims
The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) arachidonic acid (AA, n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, n-3) are precursors of eicosanoids and other lipid mediators which have critical roles in inflammation. The mediators formed from the different PUFA have different potencies. We hypothesised that metabolic changes associated with colonic mucosal inflammation would modify the bioavailability of the eicosanoid precursors AA and EPA.

Methods
Colonic mucosa biopsies were obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis and from matched controls. Inflammation was graded endoscopically and histologically. Esterified and non-esterified fatty acids were determined within the biopsies using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively.

Results
Biopsy samples were collected from 69 UC patients (54 providing both inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa) and 69 controls. Inflamed mucosa had higher AA (p < 0.001) and lower EPA (p < 0.010) contents and a higher AA:EPA ratio (p < 0.001). Inflamed mucosa also had higher docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lower linoleic acid (LA) and ?-linolenic acid (?-LNA) contents (all p < 0.001), compared to non-inflamed and controls. There were significant correlations between severity of inflammation and contents of AA, DPA and DHA (positive correlations) and of LA, ?-LNA and EPA (negative correlations).

Conclusions
Higher AA, AA:EPA ratio, DPA and DHA and lower LA, ?-LNA and EPA are seen in inflamed mucosa in UC and correlate with severity of inflammation. This suggests an alteration in fatty acid metabolism in the inflamed gut mucosa, which may offer novel targets for intervention and should be considered if nutritional strategies are used.

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More information

Published date: 1 January 2014
Keywords: inflammation, eicosanoid, cytokine, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid
Organisations: Human Development & Health

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 360765
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/360765
ISSN: 1873-9946
PURE UUID: f3f07f58-2e4e-4202-bb7b-7e43f2716b07
ORCID for P.C. Calder: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-6038-710X

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 20 Dec 2013 14:38
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 02:50

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Contributors

Author: D.S. Pearl
Author: M. Masoodi
Author: M. Eiden
Author: J. Brümmer
Author: D. Gullick
Author: T.M. McKeever
Author: M.A. Whittaker
Author: H. Nitch-Smith
Author: J.F. Brown
Author: J.K. Shute
Author: G. Mills
Author: P.C. Calder ORCID iD
Author: T. Trebble

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