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Cross-layer aided energy-efficient opportunistic routing in ad hoc networks

Cross-layer aided energy-efficient opportunistic routing in ad hoc networks
Cross-layer aided energy-efficient opportunistic routing in ad hoc networks
Most of the nodes in ad hoc networks rely on batteries, which requires energy saving. Hence, numerous energy-efficient routing algorithms have been proposed for solving this problem. In this paper, we exploit the benefits of cross-layer information exchange, such as the knowledge of the Frame Error Rate (FER) in the physical layer, the maximum number of retransmissions in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and the number of relays in the network layer. Energy-consumption-based Objective Functions (OF) are invoked for calculating the end-to-end energy consumption of each potentially available route for both Traditional Routing (TR) and for our novel Opportunistic Routing (OR), respectively. We also improve the TR and the OR with the aid of efficient Power Allocation (PA) for further reducing the energy consumption. For the TR, we take into account the dependencies amongst the links of a multi-hop route, which facilitates a more accurate performance evaluation than upon assuming the links that are independent. Moreover, two energy-efficient routing algorithms are designed based on Dijkstra's algorithm. The algorithms based on the energy OF provide the theoretical bounds, which are shown to be close to the bound found from exhaustive search, despite the significantly reduced complexity of the former. Finally, the end-to-end throughput and the end-to-end delay of this system are analyzed theoretically and a new technique of characterizing the delay distribution of OR is proposed. The simulation results show that our energy-efficient OR outperforms the TR and that their theoretical analysis accurately matches the simulation results.
ad hoc networks, energy conservation, telecommunication network routing, Dijkstra algorithm, cross-layer aided energy-efficient opportunistic routing, cross-layer information exchange, end-to-end energy consumption, energy saving, energy-consumption, frame error rate, medium access control, objective functions, traditional routing, Algorithm design and analysis, Delays, Energy consumption, Relays, Routing, Signal to noise ratio, Opportunistic routing, cross-layer, end-to-end delay, end-to-end throughput, energy-efficient routing, near-capacity coding, objective function
522-535
Zuo, J.
9710dacc-b814-4912-b2e2-54d2e8e4fe29
Dong, C.
dac9f067-33fb-47a2-b789-b3d131d8d866
Nguyen, H. V.
62eeb882-06d6-4379-8a3e-a1c9026233c9
Ng, S. X.
e19a63b0-0f12-4591-ab5f-554820d5f78c
Yang, L. L.
ae425648-d9a3-4b7d-8abd-b3cfea375bc7
Hanzo, L.
66e7266f-3066-4fc0-8391-e000acce71a1
Zuo, J.
9710dacc-b814-4912-b2e2-54d2e8e4fe29
Dong, C.
dac9f067-33fb-47a2-b789-b3d131d8d866
Nguyen, H. V.
62eeb882-06d6-4379-8a3e-a1c9026233c9
Ng, S. X.
e19a63b0-0f12-4591-ab5f-554820d5f78c
Yang, L. L.
ae425648-d9a3-4b7d-8abd-b3cfea375bc7
Hanzo, L.
66e7266f-3066-4fc0-8391-e000acce71a1

Zuo, J., Dong, C., Nguyen, H. V., Ng, S. X., Yang, L. L. and Hanzo, L. (2014) Cross-layer aided energy-efficient opportunistic routing in ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 62 (2), 522-535. (doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2013.121413.120767).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Most of the nodes in ad hoc networks rely on batteries, which requires energy saving. Hence, numerous energy-efficient routing algorithms have been proposed for solving this problem. In this paper, we exploit the benefits of cross-layer information exchange, such as the knowledge of the Frame Error Rate (FER) in the physical layer, the maximum number of retransmissions in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and the number of relays in the network layer. Energy-consumption-based Objective Functions (OF) are invoked for calculating the end-to-end energy consumption of each potentially available route for both Traditional Routing (TR) and for our novel Opportunistic Routing (OR), respectively. We also improve the TR and the OR with the aid of efficient Power Allocation (PA) for further reducing the energy consumption. For the TR, we take into account the dependencies amongst the links of a multi-hop route, which facilitates a more accurate performance evaluation than upon assuming the links that are independent. Moreover, two energy-efficient routing algorithms are designed based on Dijkstra's algorithm. The algorithms based on the energy OF provide the theoretical bounds, which are shown to be close to the bound found from exhaustive search, despite the significantly reduced complexity of the former. Finally, the end-to-end throughput and the end-to-end delay of this system are analyzed theoretically and a new technique of characterizing the delay distribution of OR is proposed. The simulation results show that our energy-efficient OR outperforms the TR and that their theoretical analysis accurately matches the simulation results.

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More information

e-pub ahead of print date: 2 January 2014
Published date: February 2014
Keywords: ad hoc networks, energy conservation, telecommunication network routing, Dijkstra algorithm, cross-layer aided energy-efficient opportunistic routing, cross-layer information exchange, end-to-end energy consumption, energy saving, energy-consumption, frame error rate, medium access control, objective functions, traditional routing, Algorithm design and analysis, Delays, Energy consumption, Relays, Routing, Signal to noise ratio, Opportunistic routing, cross-layer, end-to-end delay, end-to-end throughput, energy-efficient routing, near-capacity coding, objective function
Organisations: Comms, Signal Processing & Control, Electronics & Computer Science, Southampton Wireless Group

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 360815
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/360815
PURE UUID: 1b9f1585-5ac5-4668-a0b0-f0e4f5dc3613
ORCID for S. X. Ng: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-7194
ORCID for L. L. Yang: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-9327
ORCID for L. Hanzo: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214

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Date deposited: 07 Jan 2014 10:19
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 02:49

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Contributors

Author: J. Zuo
Author: C. Dong
Author: H. V. Nguyen
Author: S. X. Ng ORCID iD
Author: L. L. Yang ORCID iD
Author: L. Hanzo ORCID iD

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