How to get started with a systematic review in epidemiology: an introductory guide for early career researchers

Abstract

Background: systematic review is a powerful research tool which aims to identify and synthesize all evidence relevant to a research question. The approach taken is much like that used in a scientific experiment, with high priority given to the transparency and reproducibility of the methods used and to handling all evidence in a consistent manner.

Early career researchers may find themselves in a position where they decide to undertake a systematic review, for example it may form part or all of a PhD thesis. Those with no prior experience of systematic review may need considerable support and direction getting started with such a project. Here we set out in simple terms how to get started with a systematic review.

Discussion: advice is given on matters such as developing a review protocol, searching using databases and other methods, data extraction, risk of bias assessment and data synthesis including meta-analysis. Signposts to further information and useful resources are also given.

Conclusion: a well-conducted systematic review benefits the scientific field by providing a summary of existing evidence and highlighting unanswered questions. For the individual, undertaking a systematic review is also a great opportunity to improve skills in critical appraisal and in synthesising evidence.

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Identifiers

ORCID for R.M. Dodds: orcid.org/0000-0003-4968-7678

ORCID for C. Cooper: orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-0709

ORCID for Janis Baird: orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-4361

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