Towards paper-based point-of-care diagnostics fabricated by Laser Induced Forward Transfer

Katis, I.N., Holloway, J.A., Madsen, J., Faust, S.N., Garbis, S.D., Smith, P.J.S., Voegeli, D., Bader, D.L., Eason, R.W. and Sones, C.L. (2014) Towards paper-based point-of-care diagnostics fabricated by Laser Induced Forward Transfer. Materials Research Society Spring Meeting E-MRS '14, , Lille, France. 26 - 30 May 2014.

Abstract

We report the Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) of antibodies from a liquid donor film onto paper receivers for application as point-of-care (POC) diagnostic sensors. Paper was chosen as the ideal receiver due to its inherent biocompatibility, wicking properties, wide availability and price, all of which make it an efficient and suitable platform for POC diagnostic sensors. A modified LIFT procedure, referred to as Dynamic Release Layer (DRL-LIFT), has been employed to ensure the viability of the biomolecules post-transfer. The laser used was a KrF excimer operating at 248 nm with a repetition rate of 1 Hz, pulse duration of ~10 ns, and delivering a maximum energy of ~400 mJ per pulse. Both enzyme-tagged and untagged IgG antibodies were LIFT-printed. The functionality and immunological reactivity of the LIFT-printed antibodies was confirmed by developing and demonstrating an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and establishing the standard calibration curve for the LIFT-printed pixels. Additionally, it was shown that the localisation of the LIFT-printed pixels and immobilisation of the antibodies, a pre-requisite for paper-based diagnostic devices, was maintained throughout the wet-bench process which further justifies the spatial patterning ability of LIFT. This work demonstrates that LIFT is a technique capable of transferring antibodies onto a paper substrate accurately, reproducibly and with minimal loss of biochemical viability.

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Contributors

Author: I.N. Katis

Author: P.J.S. Smith

Author: R.W. Eason

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