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Submarine record of volcanic island construction and collapse in the Lesser Antilles arc: First scientific drilling of submarine volcanic island landslides by IODP Expedition 340

Submarine record of volcanic island construction and collapse in the Lesser Antilles arc: First scientific drilling of submarine volcanic island landslides by IODP Expedition 340
Submarine record of volcanic island construction and collapse in the Lesser Antilles arc: First scientific drilling of submarine volcanic island landslides by IODP Expedition 340
IODP Expedition 340 successfully drilled a series of sites offshore Montserrat, Martinique and Dominica in the Lesser Antilles from March to April 2012. These are among the few drill sites gathered around volcanic islands, and the first scientific drilling of large and likely tsunamigenic volcanic island-arc landslide deposits. These cores provide evidence and tests of previous hypotheses for the composition and origin of those deposits. Sites U1394, U1399, and U1400 that penetrated landslide deposits recovered exclusively seafloor sediment, comprising mainly turbidites and hemipelagic deposits, and lacked debris avalanche deposits. This supports the concepts that i/ volcanic debris avalanches tend to stop at the slope break, and ii/ widespread and voluminous failures of preexisting low-gradient seafloor sediment can be triggered by initial emplacement of material from the volcano. Offshore Martinique (U1399 and 1400), the landslide deposits comprised blocks of parallel strata that were tilted or microfaulted, sometimes separated by intervals of homogenized sediment (intense shearing), while Site U1394 offshore Montserrat penetrated a flat-lying block of intact strata. The most likely mechanism for generating these large-scale seafloor sediment failures appears to be propagation of a decollement from proximal areas loaded and incised by a volcanic debris avalanche. These results have implications for the magnitude of tsunami generation. Under some conditions, volcanic island landslide deposits composed of mainly seafloor sediment will tend to form smaller magnitude tsunamis than equivalent volumes of subaerial block-rich mass flows rapidly entering water. Expedition 340 also successfully drilled sites to access the undisturbed record of eruption fallout layers intercalated with marine sediment which provide an outstanding high-resolution data set to analyze eruption and landslides cycles, improve understanding of magmatic evolution as well as offshore sedimentation processes.
landslide, volcanic island, debris avalanche, seafloor sediment failure, tsunami, IODP
1525-2027
420-442
Le Friant, A.
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Ishizuka, O.
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Boudon, G.
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Palmer, M.R.
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Talling, P.J.
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Villemant, B.
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Adachi, T.
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Aljahdali, M.
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Breitkreuz, C.
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Caron, B.
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Coussens, M.
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Deplus, C.
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Endo, D.
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Feuillet, N.
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Fraas, A.J.
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Fujinawa, A.
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Hart, M.B.
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Hatfield, R.G.
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Hornbach, M.
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Jutzeler, M.
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Kataoka, K.S.
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Komorowski, J-C.
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Lebas, E.
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Lafuerza, S.
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Maeno, F.
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Manga, M.
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Martínez-Colón, M.
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McCanta, M.
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Morgan, S.
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Saito, T.
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Slagle, A.
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Sparks, S.
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Stinton, A.
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Stroncik, N.
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Subramanyam, K.S.V.
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Tamura, Y.
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Trofimovs, J.
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Voight, B.
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Wall-Palmer, D.
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Wang, F.
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Watt, S.F.L.
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Le Friant, A.
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Ishizuka, O.
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Boudon, G.
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Palmer, M.R.
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Talling, P.J.
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Villemant, B.
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Adachi, T.
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Aljahdali, M.
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Breitkreuz, C.
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Brunet, M.
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Caron, B.
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Coussens, M.
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Deplus, C.
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Endo, D.
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Feuillet, N.
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Fraas, A.J.
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Fujinawa, A.
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Hart, M.B.
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Hatfield, R.G.
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Hornbach, M.
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Jutzeler, M.
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Kataoka, K.S.
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Komorowski, J-C.
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Lebas, E.
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Lafuerza, S.
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Maeno, F.
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Manga, M.
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Martínez-Colón, M.
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McCanta, M.
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Morgan, S.
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Saito, T.
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Slagle, A.
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Sparks, S.
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Stinton, A.
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Stroncik, N.
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Subramanyam, K.S.V.
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Tamura, Y.
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Trofimovs, J.
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Voight, B.
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Wall-Palmer, D.
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Wang, F.
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Watt, S.F.L.
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Le Friant, A., Ishizuka, O., Boudon, G., Palmer, M.R., Talling, P.J., Villemant, B., Adachi, T., Aljahdali, M., Breitkreuz, C., Brunet, M., Caron, B., Coussens, M., Deplus, C., Endo, D., Feuillet, N., Fraas, A.J., Fujinawa, A., Hart, M.B., Hatfield, R.G., Hornbach, M., Jutzeler, M., Kataoka, K.S., Komorowski, J-C., Lebas, E., Lafuerza, S., Maeno, F., Manga, M., Martínez-Colón, M., McCanta, M., Morgan, S., Saito, T., Slagle, A., Sparks, S., Stinton, A., Stroncik, N., Subramanyam, K.S.V., Tamura, Y., Trofimovs, J., Voight, B., Wall-Palmer, D., Wang, F. and Watt, S.F.L. (2015) Submarine record of volcanic island construction and collapse in the Lesser Antilles arc: First scientific drilling of submarine volcanic island landslides by IODP Expedition 340. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 16 (2), 420-442. (doi:10.1002/2014GC005652).

Record type: Article

Abstract

IODP Expedition 340 successfully drilled a series of sites offshore Montserrat, Martinique and Dominica in the Lesser Antilles from March to April 2012. These are among the few drill sites gathered around volcanic islands, and the first scientific drilling of large and likely tsunamigenic volcanic island-arc landslide deposits. These cores provide evidence and tests of previous hypotheses for the composition and origin of those deposits. Sites U1394, U1399, and U1400 that penetrated landslide deposits recovered exclusively seafloor sediment, comprising mainly turbidites and hemipelagic deposits, and lacked debris avalanche deposits. This supports the concepts that i/ volcanic debris avalanches tend to stop at the slope break, and ii/ widespread and voluminous failures of preexisting low-gradient seafloor sediment can be triggered by initial emplacement of material from the volcano. Offshore Martinique (U1399 and 1400), the landslide deposits comprised blocks of parallel strata that were tilted or microfaulted, sometimes separated by intervals of homogenized sediment (intense shearing), while Site U1394 offshore Montserrat penetrated a flat-lying block of intact strata. The most likely mechanism for generating these large-scale seafloor sediment failures appears to be propagation of a decollement from proximal areas loaded and incised by a volcanic debris avalanche. These results have implications for the magnitude of tsunami generation. Under some conditions, volcanic island landslide deposits composed of mainly seafloor sediment will tend to form smaller magnitude tsunamis than equivalent volumes of subaerial block-rich mass flows rapidly entering water. Expedition 340 also successfully drilled sites to access the undisturbed record of eruption fallout layers intercalated with marine sediment which provide an outstanding high-resolution data set to analyze eruption and landslides cycles, improve understanding of magmatic evolution as well as offshore sedimentation processes.

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Friant_et_al-2015-Geochemistry,_Geophysics,_Geosystems.pdf - Version of Record
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e-pub ahead of print date: February 2015
Published date: February 2015
Keywords: landslide, volcanic island, debris avalanche, seafloor sediment failure, tsunami, IODP
Organisations: Geochemistry, Marine Geoscience

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 374312
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/374312
ISSN: 1525-2027
PURE UUID: 16e470ec-8bda-4599-99c9-bcaf800454f6

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Date deposited: 12 Feb 2015 13:22
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 19:05

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Contributors

Author: A. Le Friant
Author: O. Ishizuka
Author: G. Boudon
Author: M.R. Palmer
Author: P.J. Talling
Author: B. Villemant
Author: T. Adachi
Author: M. Aljahdali
Author: C. Breitkreuz
Author: M. Brunet
Author: B. Caron
Author: M. Coussens
Author: C. Deplus
Author: D. Endo
Author: N. Feuillet
Author: A.J. Fraas
Author: A. Fujinawa
Author: M.B. Hart
Author: R.G. Hatfield
Author: M. Hornbach
Author: M. Jutzeler
Author: K.S. Kataoka
Author: J-C. Komorowski
Author: E. Lebas
Author: S. Lafuerza
Author: F. Maeno
Author: M. Manga
Author: M. Martínez-Colón
Author: M. McCanta
Author: S. Morgan
Author: T. Saito
Author: A. Slagle
Author: S. Sparks
Author: A. Stinton
Author: N. Stroncik
Author: K.S.V. Subramanyam
Author: Y. Tamura
Author: J. Trofimovs
Author: B. Voight
Author: D. Wall-Palmer
Author: F. Wang
Author: S.F.L. Watt

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