Enhanced second-order nonlinear optical response of LiNbO3 films upon Er doping

Gonzalo, Jesus, Chaos, J.A., Suárez-Garcı́a, A., Afonso, C.N. and Pruneri, V. (2002) Enhanced second-order nonlinear optical response of LiNbO3 films upon Er doping. Applied Physics Letters, 81 (14), 2532-2534. (doi:10.1063/1.1506949).

Abstract

Erbium-doped LiNbO₃ films have been produced in a single-step process by alternate pulsed laser deposition. The dopant is incorporated in submonolayers whose nominal indepth separation is varied in the range 1.7-4.0 nm to lead respectively to Er concentrations in the range 3.4-0.6 x 10²⁰ atoms/cm³. All the films exhibit the characteristic Er³⁺ photoluminescence at 1.54 µm with lifetime values as high as 3 ms. The d₃₃ nonlinear coefficients determined from second-harmonic generation experiments are in the range 22-28 pm/V, the films having nominal Er submonolayer indepth separation of 3-4 nm exhibiting d₃₃ values slightly above that of the bulk material. The comparison of the d₃₃ values obtained in the Er-doped films to those reported earlier for similar undoped films shows clearly that both the structural quality and the second-harmonic performance of the films can be enhanced by Er doping.
[note that units of Er concentration throughout the published paper are wrongly given as "atoms/cm^-3"]

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