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Effects of five preoperative cardiovascular drugs on mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery: a retrospective analysis of an observational study of 16?192 patients

Effects of five preoperative cardiovascular drugs on mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery: a retrospective analysis of an observational study of 16?192 patients
Effects of five preoperative cardiovascular drugs on mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery: a retrospective analysis of an observational study of 16?192 patients


BACKGROUND: Statins reduce risk from coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, but the influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers is less clear.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association of each of these drugs with perioperative risk, accounting for different confounders, and evaluated the class, dose-response and long-term protective effect of statins.

DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of observational data.

SETTING: United Kingdom.

PATIENTS: Sixteen thousand one hundred and ninety-two patients who underwent CABG surgery during the period 01 January 2004 to 31 December 2013 and contributed data to Primary Care Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

EXPOSURE VARIABLES: Cardiovascular drugs.

OUTCOME MEASURE: Perioperative mortality within 30 days of surgery.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Five multivariable logistic regression models and a further Cox regression model were used to account for preexisting cardiovascular and other comorbidities along with lifestyle factors such as BMI, smoking and alcohol use.

RESULTS: Exposure to statins was most prevalent (85.1% of patients), followed by beta-blockers (72.8%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (60.5%), calcium channel blockers (42.8%) and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists (1.2%). The mortality rate was 0.8% in patients not prescribed statins and 0.4% in those on statins. Statins were associated with a statistically significant reduced perioperative mortality in all five logistic regression models with adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) ranging from 0.26 (0.13 to 0.54) to 0.35 (0.18 to 0.67). Cox regression for perioperative mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) 0.40 (0.20 to 0.80)] and 6-month mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) 0.63 (0.42 to 0.92)] produced similar results. Of the statin doses tested, only simvastatin 40?mg exerted protective effects. The other cardiovascular drugs lacked consistent effects across models.

CONCLUSION: Statins appear consistently protective against perioperative mortality from CABG surgery in multiple models, an effect not shared by the other cardiovascular drugs. Further data are needed on whether statins exert class and dose-response effects.
0265-0215
49-57
Venkatesan, Sudhir
b96db3e1-8433-4ab6-93ec-76b4c112683e
Okoli, George N.
e14d77c4-3ac8-4d22-91d0-b3cdebefa8de
Mozid, Abdul M.
aa5c7bf9-c5af-43ca-b070-4f5514b390be
Pickworth, Thomas W.H.
73bb11dc-6e78-4a88-ab57-71dcb4c5c5db
Grocott, Michael P.W.
1e87b741-513e-4a22-be13-0f7bb344e8c2
Sanders, Robert D.
2276714e-c77f-4957-a5e1-25cc4b677201
Myles, Puja
dc16699e-f0de-4fda-93a6-d21e94a69c87
Venkatesan, Sudhir
b96db3e1-8433-4ab6-93ec-76b4c112683e
Okoli, George N.
e14d77c4-3ac8-4d22-91d0-b3cdebefa8de
Mozid, Abdul M.
aa5c7bf9-c5af-43ca-b070-4f5514b390be
Pickworth, Thomas W.H.
73bb11dc-6e78-4a88-ab57-71dcb4c5c5db
Grocott, Michael P.W.
1e87b741-513e-4a22-be13-0f7bb344e8c2
Sanders, Robert D.
2276714e-c77f-4957-a5e1-25cc4b677201
Myles, Puja
dc16699e-f0de-4fda-93a6-d21e94a69c87

Venkatesan, Sudhir, Okoli, George N., Mozid, Abdul M., Pickworth, Thomas W.H., Grocott, Michael P.W., Sanders, Robert D. and Myles, Puja (2016) Effects of five preoperative cardiovascular drugs on mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery: a retrospective analysis of an observational study of 16?192 patients. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 33 (1), 49-57. (doi:10.1097/EJA.0000000000000340). (PMID:26565957)

Record type: Article

Abstract



BACKGROUND: Statins reduce risk from coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, but the influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers is less clear.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association of each of these drugs with perioperative risk, accounting for different confounders, and evaluated the class, dose-response and long-term protective effect of statins.

DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of observational data.

SETTING: United Kingdom.

PATIENTS: Sixteen thousand one hundred and ninety-two patients who underwent CABG surgery during the period 01 January 2004 to 31 December 2013 and contributed data to Primary Care Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

EXPOSURE VARIABLES: Cardiovascular drugs.

OUTCOME MEASURE: Perioperative mortality within 30 days of surgery.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Five multivariable logistic regression models and a further Cox regression model were used to account for preexisting cardiovascular and other comorbidities along with lifestyle factors such as BMI, smoking and alcohol use.

RESULTS: Exposure to statins was most prevalent (85.1% of patients), followed by beta-blockers (72.8%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (60.5%), calcium channel blockers (42.8%) and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists (1.2%). The mortality rate was 0.8% in patients not prescribed statins and 0.4% in those on statins. Statins were associated with a statistically significant reduced perioperative mortality in all five logistic regression models with adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) ranging from 0.26 (0.13 to 0.54) to 0.35 (0.18 to 0.67). Cox regression for perioperative mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) 0.40 (0.20 to 0.80)] and 6-month mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) 0.63 (0.42 to 0.92)] produced similar results. Of the statin doses tested, only simvastatin 40?mg exerted protective effects. The other cardiovascular drugs lacked consistent effects across models.

CONCLUSION: Statins appear consistently protective against perioperative mortality from CABG surgery in multiple models, an effect not shared by the other cardiovascular drugs. Further data are needed on whether statins exert class and dose-response effects.

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More information

e-pub ahead of print date: 12 November 2015
Published date: January 2016
Organisations: Clinical & Experimental Sciences

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 384071
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/384071
ISSN: 0265-0215
PURE UUID: d5470c2b-5112-40c0-b4f0-a9bbc9c81fef
ORCID for Michael P.W. Grocott: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-7581

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Date deposited: 14 Dec 2015 14:46
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 03:33

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Contributors

Author: Sudhir Venkatesan
Author: George N. Okoli
Author: Abdul M. Mozid
Author: Thomas W.H. Pickworth
Author: Robert D. Sanders
Author: Puja Myles

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