Waste stabilisation ponds in extreme continental climates: a comparison of design methods from the USA, Canada, northern Europe and the former Soviet Union
Waste stabilisation ponds in extreme continental climates: a comparison of design methods from the USA, Canada, northern Europe and the former Soviet Union
The paper presents a brief review of the application of WSPs in extreme climates where ice formation occurs during winter. Design standards and methods are compared and different systems are described. Design equations developed by the US EPA and normative standards from the former Soviet Union are compared in a simple example using typical wastewater and performance characteristics. The results are similar except at low temperatures, where the Soviet method can give pond depths outside the prescribed limits. The paper examines construction and operational aspects of extreme climate WSPs, comparing North American, Northern European and Russian standards. It considers why WSP systems have not been widely adopted in Russia and the NIS, and looks at the advantages these systems may have in countries in economic transition.
25-33
Heaven, S.
f25f74b6-97bd-4a18-b33b-a63084718571
Lock, A.C.
a0a98ea4-05c0-49ab-8807-26cd5e6cac89
Pak, L.N.
65df3bcc-a85a-4b4d-9bf5-5433fc93016c
Rspaev, M.K.
660abb4a-83d5-47e9-bb9d-9416ff78b0ae
2003
Heaven, S.
f25f74b6-97bd-4a18-b33b-a63084718571
Lock, A.C.
a0a98ea4-05c0-49ab-8807-26cd5e6cac89
Pak, L.N.
65df3bcc-a85a-4b4d-9bf5-5433fc93016c
Rspaev, M.K.
660abb4a-83d5-47e9-bb9d-9416ff78b0ae
Heaven, S., Lock, A.C., Pak, L.N. and Rspaev, M.K.
(2003)
Waste stabilisation ponds in extreme continental climates: a comparison of design methods from the USA, Canada, northern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
Water Science & Technology, 48 (2), .
Abstract
The paper presents a brief review of the application of WSPs in extreme climates where ice formation occurs during winter. Design standards and methods are compared and different systems are described. Design equations developed by the US EPA and normative standards from the former Soviet Union are compared in a simple example using typical wastewater and performance characteristics. The results are similar except at low temperatures, where the Soviet method can give pond depths outside the prescribed limits. The paper examines construction and operational aspects of extreme climate WSPs, comparing North American, Northern European and Russian standards. It considers why WSP systems have not been widely adopted in Russia and the NIS, and looks at the advantages these systems may have in countries in economic transition.
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Published date: 2003
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 39414
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/39414
ISSN: 0273-1223
PURE UUID: 618bfece-5ee5-41f2-a820-3980d9fa5bcb
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Date deposited: 28 Jun 2006
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 02:46
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Contributors
Author:
A.C. Lock
Author:
L.N. Pak
Author:
M.K. Rspaev
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