The effects of driving with different levels of unreliable automation on self-reported workload and secondary task performance
The effects of driving with different levels of unreliable automation on self-reported workload and secondary task performance
Until automated cars function perfectly, drivers will have to take over control when automation fails or reaches its functional limits. Two simulator experiments (N = 24 and 27) were conducted, each testing four automation levels ranging from manual control (MC) to highly automated driving. In both experiments, participants about once every 3 min experienced an event that required intervention. Participants performed a secondary divided attention task while driving. Automation generally resulted in improved secondary task performance and reduced self-reported physical demand and effort as compared to MC. However, automated speed control was experienced as more frustrating than MC. Participants responded quickly to the events when the stimulus was salient (i.e., stop sign, crossing pedestrian, and braking lead car), but often failed to react to an automation failure when their vehicle was driving slowly. In conclusion, driving with imperfect automation can be frustrating, even though mental and physical demands are reduced.
297-324
De Winter, J.C.F.
7fd363a3-e8d0-4d20-b130-c9380716275e
Stanton, N.
351a44ab-09a0-422a-a738-01df1fe0fadd
Price, J.S.
502dea91-b49c-4a1b-a71c-6bf2ed6d0bcc
Mistry, H.
b8052b87-26c5-4873-ae8f-8e0ce6f82e31
2016
De Winter, J.C.F.
7fd363a3-e8d0-4d20-b130-c9380716275e
Stanton, N.
351a44ab-09a0-422a-a738-01df1fe0fadd
Price, J.S.
502dea91-b49c-4a1b-a71c-6bf2ed6d0bcc
Mistry, H.
b8052b87-26c5-4873-ae8f-8e0ce6f82e31
De Winter, J.C.F., Stanton, N., Price, J.S. and Mistry, H.
(2016)
The effects of driving with different levels of unreliable automation on self-reported workload and secondary task performance.
International Journal of Vehicle Design, 70 (4), .
(doi:10.1504/IJVD.2016.076736).
Abstract
Until automated cars function perfectly, drivers will have to take over control when automation fails or reaches its functional limits. Two simulator experiments (N = 24 and 27) were conducted, each testing four automation levels ranging from manual control (MC) to highly automated driving. In both experiments, participants about once every 3 min experienced an event that required intervention. Participants performed a secondary divided attention task while driving. Automation generally resulted in improved secondary task performance and reduced self-reported physical demand and effort as compared to MC. However, automated speed control was experienced as more frustrating than MC. Participants responded quickly to the events when the stimulus was salient (i.e., stop sign, crossing pedestrian, and braking lead car), but often failed to react to an automation failure when their vehicle was driving slowly. In conclusion, driving with imperfect automation can be frustrating, even though mental and physical demands are reduced.
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Published date: 2016
Organisations:
Transportation Group
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Local EPrints ID: 397804
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/397804
ISSN: 1741-5314
PURE UUID: b8e9ba8c-ea15-4b83-ad81-9ae6193567f2
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Date deposited: 02 Aug 2016 08:03
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 03:33
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Author:
J.C.F. De Winter
Author:
J.S. Price
Author:
H. Mistry
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