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Rising atmospheric CO2 explains 26–52% of the recent delay in autumnal senescence in important forest and crop species

Rising atmospheric CO2 explains 26–52% of the recent delay in autumnal senescence in important forest and crop species
Rising atmospheric CO2 explains 26–52% of the recent delay in autumnal senescence in important forest and crop species
There is strong evidence to suggest that global warming is leading to an extended growing season by altering the timing of autumnal events such as bud set and leaf abscission 1,2,3, with important impacts on ecosystem productivity and global carbon cycling. However, while temperature is an important driver of spring phenological events, the relationship between temperature and autumn phenology is weak4. Here, we present results from three open-air field experiments in which elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2] at the concentration likely to exist in 2050, extended the growing season of: (1) three abundant North American forest trees; (2) the world’s most extensively grown broad-leaved crop (soybean); and (3) two European poplars. Across experiments and over multiple years, elevated [CO2] delayed autumnal declines in leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, photosynthesis and normalized vegetation difference index (NVDI) by 2-7 days for soybean and 5-15 days for trees. These findings indicate that [CO2] alters growing season length and the rise in atmospheric [CO2] over the past 30 years could explain 26-52% of the extended growing season now ascribed to warming3.
18pp
Karnosky, Davis F
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Taylor, Gail
Giardina, Christian P
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Tallis, Matthew J
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Bernacchi, Carl J
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Percy, Kevin E
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DeLucia, Evan H
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Miglietta, Franco
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Gupta, Pooja S
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Leakey, Andrew DB
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Rogers, Alistair
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Dermody, Orla
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Gioili, Beniamino
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Nelson, Randall L
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Morgan, Patrick B
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Ort, Don R
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Calfapietra, Carlo
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Gielen, Birgit
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Sober, Jaak
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Mies, Tim
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McDonald, Evan
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Kubiske, Mark E
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Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giuseppe E
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Hendrey, George R
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Kets, Katre
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Long, Stephen P
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Karnosky, Davis F
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Taylor, Gail
Giardina, Christian P
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Tallis, Matthew J
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Bernacchi, Carl J
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Percy, Kevin E
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DeLucia, Evan H
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Miglietta, Franco
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Gupta, Pooja S
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Leakey, Andrew DB
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Rogers, Alistair
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Dermody, Orla
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Gioili, Beniamino
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Nelson, Randall L
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Morgan, Patrick B
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Ort, Don R
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Calfapietra, Carlo
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Gielen, Birgit
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Sober, Jaak
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Mies, Tim
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McDonald, Evan
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Kubiske, Mark E
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Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giuseppe E
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Hendrey, George R
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Kets, Katre
1c6eabe8-f6cf-4747-ac09-74e408cc2a0a
Long, Stephen P
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Karnosky, Davis F, Taylor, Gail, Giardina, Christian P, Tallis, Matthew J, Bernacchi, Carl J, Percy, Kevin E, DeLucia, Evan H, Miglietta, Franco, Gupta, Pooja S, Leakey, Andrew DB, Rogers, Alistair, Dermody, Orla, Gioili, Beniamino, Nelson, Randall L, Morgan, Patrick B, Ort, Don R, Calfapietra, Carlo, Gielen, Birgit, Sober, Jaak, Mies, Tim, McDonald, Evan, Kubiske, Mark E, Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giuseppe E, Hendrey, George R, Kets, Katre and Long, Stephen P (2006) Rising atmospheric CO2 explains 26–52% of the recent delay in autumnal senescence in important forest and crop species. Post-print, 18pp.

Record type: Article

Abstract

There is strong evidence to suggest that global warming is leading to an extended growing season by altering the timing of autumnal events such as bud set and leaf abscission 1,2,3, with important impacts on ecosystem productivity and global carbon cycling. However, while temperature is an important driver of spring phenological events, the relationship between temperature and autumn phenology is weak4. Here, we present results from three open-air field experiments in which elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2] at the concentration likely to exist in 2050, extended the growing season of: (1) three abundant North American forest trees; (2) the world’s most extensively grown broad-leaved crop (soybean); and (3) two European poplars. Across experiments and over multiple years, elevated [CO2] delayed autumnal declines in leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, photosynthesis and normalized vegetation difference index (NVDI) by 2-7 days for soybean and 5-15 days for trees. These findings indicate that [CO2] alters growing season length and the rise in atmospheric [CO2] over the past 30 years could explain 26-52% of the extended growing season now ascribed to warming3.

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Published date: 2006

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 39925
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/39925
PURE UUID: 2f91f74c-a06c-4af6-936b-8a64ec7af0c5

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Date deposited: 09 May 2007
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 08:16

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Contributors

Author: Davis F Karnosky
Author: Gail Taylor
Author: Christian P Giardina
Author: Matthew J Tallis
Author: Carl J Bernacchi
Author: Kevin E Percy
Author: Evan H DeLucia
Author: Franco Miglietta
Author: Pooja S Gupta
Author: Andrew DB Leakey
Author: Alistair Rogers
Author: Orla Dermody
Author: Beniamino Gioili
Author: Randall L Nelson
Author: Patrick B Morgan
Author: Don R Ort
Author: Carlo Calfapietra
Author: Birgit Gielen
Author: Jaak Sober
Author: Tim Mies
Author: Evan McDonald
Author: Mark E Kubiske
Author: Giuseppe E Scarascia-Mugnozza
Author: George R Hendrey
Author: Katre Kets
Author: Stephen P Long

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