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Newborn size, infant and childhood growth, and body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors at the age of 6 years: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study

Newborn size, infant and childhood growth, and body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors at the age of 6 years: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
Newborn size, infant and childhood growth, and body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors at the age of 6 years: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
OBJECTIVE: To study associations of size and body proportions at birth, and growth during infancy and childhood, to body composition and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors at the age of 6 years. DESIGN: The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study, a prospective population-based study of maternal nutrition and CVD risk in rural Indian children. METHODS: Body composition and CVD risk factors measured in 698 children at 6 years were related to body proportions and growth from birth. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometry was performed every 6 months from birth. At 6 years, fat and lean mass (dual X-ray absorptiometry) and CVD risk factors (insulin resistance, blood pressure, glucose tolerance, plasma lipids) were measured. RESULTS: Compared with international references (NCHS, WHO) the children were short, light and thin (mean weight <-1.0 s.d. at all ages). Larger size and faster growth in all body measurements from birth to 6 years predicted higher lean and fat mass at 6 years. Weight and height predicted lean mass more strongly than fat mass, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) predicted them both approximately equally and skinfolds predicted only fat mass. Neither birthweight nor the 'thin-fat' newborn phenotype, was related to CVD risk factors. Smaller MUAC at 6 months predicted higher insulin resistance (P<0.001) but larger MUAC at 1 year predicted higher systolic blood pressure (P<0.001). After infancy, higher weight, height, MUAC and skinfolds, and faster growth of all these parameters were associated with increased CVD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Slower muscle growth in infancy may increase insulin resistance but reduce blood pressure. After infancy larger size and faster growth of all body measurements are associated with a more adverse childhood CVD risk factor profile. These rural Indian children are growing below international 'norms' for body size and studies are required in other populations to determine the generalizability of the findings.
0307-0565
1534-1544
Joglekar, C.V.
8cbefe59-fcbe-4e16-99cd-05f18fc60e28
Fall, C.H.D.
7171a105-34f5-4131-89d7-1aa639893b18
Deshpande, V.U.
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Joshi, N.
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Bhalerao, A.
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Solat, V.
7bcef4e7-be96-4f18-a352-ed27f20848b5
Deokar, T.M.
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Chougule, S.D.
41381fa0-8753-4d06-a75b-d7d698733ba4
Leary, S.D.
7d73ca65-d303-40d4-964b-ff0fb6635a70
Osmond, C.
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Yajnik, C.S.
ea0648f2-b384-4e5c-9e0f-45cc852e0c75
Joglekar, C.V.
8cbefe59-fcbe-4e16-99cd-05f18fc60e28
Fall, C.H.D.
7171a105-34f5-4131-89d7-1aa639893b18
Deshpande, V.U.
7b72071d-7f7f-4cbc-891d-bc37759250fb
Joshi, N.
817cd570-c95d-4bfd-8cea-b5755a3f2a3a
Bhalerao, A.
6bf1f77e-190c-4952-a175-55ccb7e26c58
Solat, V.
7bcef4e7-be96-4f18-a352-ed27f20848b5
Deokar, T.M.
0a533b64-12cd-47ef-80e8-d88ecf4747e9
Chougule, S.D.
41381fa0-8753-4d06-a75b-d7d698733ba4
Leary, S.D.
7d73ca65-d303-40d4-964b-ff0fb6635a70
Osmond, C.
2677bf85-494f-4a78-adf8-580e1b8acb81
Yajnik, C.S.
ea0648f2-b384-4e5c-9e0f-45cc852e0c75

Joglekar, C.V., Fall, C.H.D., Deshpande, V.U., Joshi, N., Bhalerao, A., Solat, V., Deokar, T.M., Chougule, S.D., Leary, S.D., Osmond, C. and Yajnik, C.S. (2007) Newborn size, infant and childhood growth, and body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors at the age of 6 years: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. International Journal of Obesity, 31 (10), 1534-1544. (doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803679).

Record type: Article

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To study associations of size and body proportions at birth, and growth during infancy and childhood, to body composition and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors at the age of 6 years. DESIGN: The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study, a prospective population-based study of maternal nutrition and CVD risk in rural Indian children. METHODS: Body composition and CVD risk factors measured in 698 children at 6 years were related to body proportions and growth from birth. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometry was performed every 6 months from birth. At 6 years, fat and lean mass (dual X-ray absorptiometry) and CVD risk factors (insulin resistance, blood pressure, glucose tolerance, plasma lipids) were measured. RESULTS: Compared with international references (NCHS, WHO) the children were short, light and thin (mean weight <-1.0 s.d. at all ages). Larger size and faster growth in all body measurements from birth to 6 years predicted higher lean and fat mass at 6 years. Weight and height predicted lean mass more strongly than fat mass, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) predicted them both approximately equally and skinfolds predicted only fat mass. Neither birthweight nor the 'thin-fat' newborn phenotype, was related to CVD risk factors. Smaller MUAC at 6 months predicted higher insulin resistance (P<0.001) but larger MUAC at 1 year predicted higher systolic blood pressure (P<0.001). After infancy, higher weight, height, MUAC and skinfolds, and faster growth of all these parameters were associated with increased CVD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Slower muscle growth in infancy may increase insulin resistance but reduce blood pressure. After infancy larger size and faster growth of all body measurements are associated with a more adverse childhood CVD risk factor profile. These rural Indian children are growing below international 'norms' for body size and studies are required in other populations to determine the generalizability of the findings.

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Published date: October 2007

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 61252
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/61252
ISSN: 0307-0565
PURE UUID: 256436fa-b696-4413-877d-1195e8cabc02
ORCID for C.H.D. Fall: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-4402-5552
ORCID for C. Osmond: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-4655

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Date deposited: 31 Mar 2009
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 02:50

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Contributors

Author: C.V. Joglekar
Author: C.H.D. Fall ORCID iD
Author: V.U. Deshpande
Author: N. Joshi
Author: A. Bhalerao
Author: V. Solat
Author: T.M. Deokar
Author: S.D. Chougule
Author: S.D. Leary
Author: C. Osmond ORCID iD
Author: C.S. Yajnik

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