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Plant breeding to control zinc deficiency in India: how cost-effective is biofortification?

Plant breeding to control zinc deficiency in India: how cost-effective is biofortification?
Plant breeding to control zinc deficiency in India: how cost-effective is biofortification?
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the potential impact of zinc biofortification of rice and wheat on public health in India and to evaluate its cost-effectiveness compared with alternative interventions and international standards. DESIGN: The burden of zinc deficiency (ZnD) in India was expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost. Current zinc intakes were derived from a nationally representative household food consumption survey (30-day recall) and attributed to household members based on adult equivalent weights. Using a dose-response function, projected increased zinc intakes from biofortified rice and wheat were translated into potential health improvements for pessimistic and optimistic scenarios. After estimating the costs of developing and disseminating the new varieties, the cost-effectiveness of zinc biofortification was calculated for both scenarios and compared with alternative micronutrient interventions and international reference standards. SETTING: India. SUBJECTS: Representative household survey (n = 119 554). RESULTS: The calculated annual burden of ZnD in India is 2.8 million DALYs lost. Zinc biofortification of rice and wheat may reduce this burden by 20-51% and save 0.6-1.4 million DALYs each year, depending on the scenario. The cost for saving one DALY amounts to $US 0.73-7.31, which is very cost-effective by standards of the World Bank and the World Health Organization, and is lower than that of most other micronutrient interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Not only may zinc biofortification save lives and prevent morbidity among millions of people, it may also help accommodate the need to economise and to allocate resources more efficiently. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings.
micronutrient malnutrition, biofortification, plant breeding, zinc-rich staple crops, zinc deficiency, health benefits, disability-adjusted life years, cost-effectiveness, india
1368-9800
492-501
Stein, Alexander J.
8dd9a6f4-27ca-4801-b82e-75e3346f5710
Nestel, Penelope
64dfcf3f-2e0f-4653-9fdf-1a48f1c99a1e
Meenakshi, J.V.
63602c0c-dd63-4133-aa5f-6aaa08512f6f
Qaim, Matin
dc2dc032-4904-47ea-ad44-e609dddaa3f4
Sachdev, H.P.S.
8667f0cc-a69a-4f5d-b140-14e06edd7894
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
009c4f8b-3ae6-4a0d-a666-9997d49dd292
Stein, Alexander J.
8dd9a6f4-27ca-4801-b82e-75e3346f5710
Nestel, Penelope
64dfcf3f-2e0f-4653-9fdf-1a48f1c99a1e
Meenakshi, J.V.
63602c0c-dd63-4133-aa5f-6aaa08512f6f
Qaim, Matin
dc2dc032-4904-47ea-ad44-e609dddaa3f4
Sachdev, H.P.S.
8667f0cc-a69a-4f5d-b140-14e06edd7894
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
009c4f8b-3ae6-4a0d-a666-9997d49dd292

Stein, Alexander J., Nestel, Penelope, Meenakshi, J.V., Qaim, Matin, Sachdev, H.P.S. and Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. (2007) Plant breeding to control zinc deficiency in India: how cost-effective is biofortification? Public Health Nutrition, 10 (5), 492-501. (doi:10.1017/S1368980007223857).

Record type: Article

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the potential impact of zinc biofortification of rice and wheat on public health in India and to evaluate its cost-effectiveness compared with alternative interventions and international standards. DESIGN: The burden of zinc deficiency (ZnD) in India was expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost. Current zinc intakes were derived from a nationally representative household food consumption survey (30-day recall) and attributed to household members based on adult equivalent weights. Using a dose-response function, projected increased zinc intakes from biofortified rice and wheat were translated into potential health improvements for pessimistic and optimistic scenarios. After estimating the costs of developing and disseminating the new varieties, the cost-effectiveness of zinc biofortification was calculated for both scenarios and compared with alternative micronutrient interventions and international reference standards. SETTING: India. SUBJECTS: Representative household survey (n = 119 554). RESULTS: The calculated annual burden of ZnD in India is 2.8 million DALYs lost. Zinc biofortification of rice and wheat may reduce this burden by 20-51% and save 0.6-1.4 million DALYs each year, depending on the scenario. The cost for saving one DALY amounts to $US 0.73-7.31, which is very cost-effective by standards of the World Bank and the World Health Organization, and is lower than that of most other micronutrient interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Not only may zinc biofortification save lives and prevent morbidity among millions of people, it may also help accommodate the need to economise and to allocate resources more efficiently. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings.

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More information

Published date: May 2007
Keywords: micronutrient malnutrition, biofortification, plant breeding, zinc-rich staple crops, zinc deficiency, health benefits, disability-adjusted life years, cost-effectiveness, india

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 61536
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/61536
ISSN: 1368-9800
PURE UUID: 16b8d191-47a6-4428-a3ea-fdbfab3d949a

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Date deposited: 02 Oct 2008
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 11:27

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Contributors

Author: Alexander J. Stein
Author: Penelope Nestel
Author: J.V. Meenakshi
Author: Matin Qaim
Author: H.P.S. Sachdev
Author: Zulfiqar A. Bhutta

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