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Transmitted deletions of medial 5p and learning difficulties; Does the cadherin cluster only become penetrant when flanking genes are deleted?

Transmitted deletions of medial 5p and learning difficulties; Does the cadherin cluster only become penetrant when flanking genes are deleted?
Transmitted deletions of medial 5p and learning difficulties; Does the cadherin cluster only become penetrant when flanking genes are deleted?
The central portion of the short arm of chromosome 5 is unusual in that large, cytogenetically visible interstitial deletions segregate in families with and without phenotypic consequences. Here we present a family in which a transmitted interstitial deletion of 5p13.3 to 5p14.3 co-segregated with learning and/or behavioral difficulties in six family members. Facial dysmorphism was not striking but a father and daughter both had lacrimal fistulae. The deletion was 12.23?Mb in size (chr5:20,352,535–32,825,775) and contained fifteen known protein coding genes. Five of these (GOLPH3; MTMR12; ZFR; SUB1; and NPR3) and an ultra-conserved microRNA (hsa-miR-579) were present in an 883?kb candidate gene region in 5p13.3 that was deleted in the present family but not in previously reported overlapping benign deletions. Members of the cadherin precursor gene cluster, with brain specific expression, were deleted in both affected and benign deletion families. The candidate genes in 5p13.3 may be sufficient to account for the consistent presence or absence of phenotype in medial 5p deletions. However, we consider the possibility of position effects in which CDH6, and/or other cadherin genes, become penetrant when adjacent genes, or modifiers of gene expression, are also deleted. This could account for the absence of intellectual disability in benign deletions of the cadherin cluster, the cognitive phenotype in medial 5p deletion syndrome and the greater severity of intellectual disability in patients with cri-du-chat syndrome and deletions of 5p15 that extend into the region deleted in the present family.
chromosomes, human, pair 5, chromosome deletion, learning disability, intellectual disability, candidate genes, penetrance, cadherin genes, transmitted imbalance, dna array
1552-4825
2807-2815
Barber, John C.K.
4785a6e4-bd63-4230-ab61-41a0ae12c761
Huang, Shuwen
44f28908-02b8-46d7-822c-e6a9e7981723
Bateman, Mark S.
78a529cd-b8d1-4cf3-9f46-1da3cb19bfaa
Collins, Amanda L.
877712f2-b733-45e0-891e-784245bb7ce6
Barber, John C.K.
4785a6e4-bd63-4230-ab61-41a0ae12c761
Huang, Shuwen
44f28908-02b8-46d7-822c-e6a9e7981723
Bateman, Mark S.
78a529cd-b8d1-4cf3-9f46-1da3cb19bfaa
Collins, Amanda L.
877712f2-b733-45e0-891e-784245bb7ce6

Barber, John C.K., Huang, Shuwen, Bateman, Mark S. and Collins, Amanda L. (2011) Transmitted deletions of medial 5p and learning difficulties; Does the cadherin cluster only become penetrant when flanking genes are deleted? American Journal of Medical Genetics part A, 155 (11), 2807-2815. (doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.34241). (PMID:21965044)

Record type: Article

Abstract

The central portion of the short arm of chromosome 5 is unusual in that large, cytogenetically visible interstitial deletions segregate in families with and without phenotypic consequences. Here we present a family in which a transmitted interstitial deletion of 5p13.3 to 5p14.3 co-segregated with learning and/or behavioral difficulties in six family members. Facial dysmorphism was not striking but a father and daughter both had lacrimal fistulae. The deletion was 12.23?Mb in size (chr5:20,352,535–32,825,775) and contained fifteen known protein coding genes. Five of these (GOLPH3; MTMR12; ZFR; SUB1; and NPR3) and an ultra-conserved microRNA (hsa-miR-579) were present in an 883?kb candidate gene region in 5p13.3 that was deleted in the present family but not in previously reported overlapping benign deletions. Members of the cadherin precursor gene cluster, with brain specific expression, were deleted in both affected and benign deletion families. The candidate genes in 5p13.3 may be sufficient to account for the consistent presence or absence of phenotype in medial 5p deletions. However, we consider the possibility of position effects in which CDH6, and/or other cadherin genes, become penetrant when adjacent genes, or modifiers of gene expression, are also deleted. This could account for the absence of intellectual disability in benign deletions of the cadherin cluster, the cognitive phenotype in medial 5p deletion syndrome and the greater severity of intellectual disability in patients with cri-du-chat syndrome and deletions of 5p15 that extend into the region deleted in the present family.

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More information

e-pub ahead of print date: 30 September 2011
Published date: November 2011
Keywords: chromosomes, human, pair 5, chromosome deletion, learning disability, intellectual disability, candidate genes, penetrance, cadherin genes, transmitted imbalance, dna array
Organisations: Human Development & Health

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 202469
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/202469
ISSN: 1552-4825
PURE UUID: a867dd90-2d9f-47f4-bddc-56f4eb857831

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Date deposited: 08 Nov 2011 11:44
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 04:24

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Contributors

Author: John C.K. Barber
Author: Shuwen Huang
Author: Mark S. Bateman
Author: Amanda L. Collins

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