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Influence of zinc and iron enrichments on phytoplankton growth in the northeasten subarctic Pacific

Influence of zinc and iron enrichments on phytoplankton growth in the northeasten subarctic Pacific
Influence of zinc and iron enrichments on phytoplankton growth in the northeasten subarctic Pacific
Near-surface seawater from the northeastern subarctic Pacific was incubated on deck for 8 d, supplemented with (1) control, no additions (2) +Zn (3) +Fe (4) +Zn+Fe. Concentrations of total Zn and Fe at time zero (t0) and in the control remained at ~0.1-0.2 nmol L-1. In the control, chlorophyll (<0.3 mg m-3), 14C uptake into POC and PIC, and inorganic nutrients all remained relatively constant. Addition of Zn slightly but significantly increased chlorophyll (p<0.05), decreased phosphate (p<0.01) and nitrate (p<0.05), and in P versus E experiments, increased Pm>10-fold and PM chl 2-3-fold. The abundance of small diatoms and coccolithophores was higher in the +Zn treatment compared to the control. The +Fe and +Zn+Fe treatments, compared to the control, both showed >10-fold increases in chlorophyll and 14C uptake into POC and PIC and complete removal of nitrate (<=0.2 mmol m-3). However, differences were observed in size-fractionated data; the +Zn+Fe treatment had significantly lower percent chlorophyll in the >20-?m fraction (p<0.01) and a higher percentage in the 0.2–5-?m fraction (p<0.01) than the +Fe treatment. In P versus E experiments, both +Fe treatments increased Pm and ? around 100-fold and Pm chl and ?chl by 5–10-fold compared to the control. The +Fe treatment showed a slightly higher ?chl and slightly lower Pm chl than the +Zn+Fe treatment. Abundance of large diatoms, small diatoms, small flagellates, and coccolm ithophores all increased substantially (~7–1,000-fold) in response to Fe addition, whereas dinoflagellate abundance only doubled. The +Zn+Fe treatment had higher abundances of small diatoms and small flagellates than the +Fe treatment. We conclude that Zn additions had limited influence on conventional indices of phytoplankton growth compared to Fe, but that there might be subtle influences of Zn that require further attention.
growth, phytoplankton, zinc, iron, nutrients, primary production, biology
0024-3590
1583-1600
Crawford, D.W.
1625e56b-d0c8-4c45-b519-094d0e928a63
Lipsen, M.S.
ead0fc23-1b3b-4151-adbc-7e3ce86cc88a
Purdie, D.A.
18820b32-185a-467a-8019-01f245191cd8
Lohan, M.C.
6ca10597-2d0f-40e8-8e4f-7619dfac5088
Statham, P.J.
51458f15-d6e2-4231-8bba-d0567f9e440c
Whitney, F.A.
337da989-f055-489f-8a8e-0d7f7ae73872
Putland, J.N.
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Johnson, W.K.
f23099bb-3e36-4d6c-bfaf-d12a9d6a8aee
Sutherland, N.
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Peterson, T.D.
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Harrison, P.J.
d1734d1c-6771-4ccf-a59e-ea413e439afb
Wong, C.S.
6b64cde9-7d94-4faa-b07e-cd983436a21f
Crawford, D.W.
1625e56b-d0c8-4c45-b519-094d0e928a63
Lipsen, M.S.
ead0fc23-1b3b-4151-adbc-7e3ce86cc88a
Purdie, D.A.
18820b32-185a-467a-8019-01f245191cd8
Lohan, M.C.
6ca10597-2d0f-40e8-8e4f-7619dfac5088
Statham, P.J.
51458f15-d6e2-4231-8bba-d0567f9e440c
Whitney, F.A.
337da989-f055-489f-8a8e-0d7f7ae73872
Putland, J.N.
d4362f16-aa9f-4cbf-8e79-e7a805a5ab97
Johnson, W.K.
f23099bb-3e36-4d6c-bfaf-d12a9d6a8aee
Sutherland, N.
adc8ba87-b92e-4cd1-b7b0-651a6f36f596
Peterson, T.D.
d1f7cffb-b429-47d8-a47f-a055f7f67ff7
Harrison, P.J.
d1734d1c-6771-4ccf-a59e-ea413e439afb
Wong, C.S.
6b64cde9-7d94-4faa-b07e-cd983436a21f

Crawford, D.W., Lipsen, M.S., Purdie, D.A., Lohan, M.C., Statham, P.J., Whitney, F.A., Putland, J.N., Johnson, W.K., Sutherland, N., Peterson, T.D., Harrison, P.J. and Wong, C.S. (2003) Influence of zinc and iron enrichments on phytoplankton growth in the northeasten subarctic Pacific. Limnology and Oceanography, 48 (4), 1583-1600. (doi:10.4319/lo.2003.48.4.1583).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Near-surface seawater from the northeastern subarctic Pacific was incubated on deck for 8 d, supplemented with (1) control, no additions (2) +Zn (3) +Fe (4) +Zn+Fe. Concentrations of total Zn and Fe at time zero (t0) and in the control remained at ~0.1-0.2 nmol L-1. In the control, chlorophyll (<0.3 mg m-3), 14C uptake into POC and PIC, and inorganic nutrients all remained relatively constant. Addition of Zn slightly but significantly increased chlorophyll (p<0.05), decreased phosphate (p<0.01) and nitrate (p<0.05), and in P versus E experiments, increased Pm>10-fold and PM chl 2-3-fold. The abundance of small diatoms and coccolithophores was higher in the +Zn treatment compared to the control. The +Fe and +Zn+Fe treatments, compared to the control, both showed >10-fold increases in chlorophyll and 14C uptake into POC and PIC and complete removal of nitrate (<=0.2 mmol m-3). However, differences were observed in size-fractionated data; the +Zn+Fe treatment had significantly lower percent chlorophyll in the >20-?m fraction (p<0.01) and a higher percentage in the 0.2–5-?m fraction (p<0.01) than the +Fe treatment. In P versus E experiments, both +Fe treatments increased Pm and ? around 100-fold and Pm chl and ?chl by 5–10-fold compared to the control. The +Fe treatment showed a slightly higher ?chl and slightly lower Pm chl than the +Zn+Fe treatment. Abundance of large diatoms, small diatoms, small flagellates, and coccolm ithophores all increased substantially (~7–1,000-fold) in response to Fe addition, whereas dinoflagellate abundance only doubled. The +Zn+Fe treatment had higher abundances of small diatoms and small flagellates than the +Fe treatment. We conclude that Zn additions had limited influence on conventional indices of phytoplankton growth compared to Fe, but that there might be subtle influences of Zn that require further attention.

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Published date: July 2003
Keywords: growth, phytoplankton, zinc, iron, nutrients, primary production, biology
Organisations: Marine Biogeochemistry

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 2072
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/2072
ISSN: 0024-3590
PURE UUID: 1e2b7252-162f-4749-be5e-3c5564cd8a3f
ORCID for D.A. Purdie: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-6672-1722
ORCID for M.C. Lohan: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-5340-3108

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 11 May 2004
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 04:13

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Contributors

Author: D.W. Crawford
Author: M.S. Lipsen
Author: D.A. Purdie ORCID iD
Author: M.C. Lohan ORCID iD
Author: P.J. Statham
Author: F.A. Whitney
Author: J.N. Putland
Author: W.K. Johnson
Author: N. Sutherland
Author: T.D. Peterson
Author: P.J. Harrison
Author: C.S. Wong

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