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Five atomic resolution structures of endothiapepsin inhibitor complexes: implications for the aspartic proteinase mechanism

Five atomic resolution structures of endothiapepsin inhibitor complexes: implications for the aspartic proteinase mechanism
Five atomic resolution structures of endothiapepsin inhibitor complexes: implications for the aspartic proteinase mechanism
Endothiapepsin is derived from the fungus Endothia parasitica and is a member of the aspartic proteinase class of enzymes. This class of enzyme is comprised of two structurally similar lobes, each lobe contributing an aspartic acid residue to form a catalytic dyad that acts to cleave the substrate peptide bond. The three-dimensional structures of endothiapepsin bound to five transition state analogue inhibitors (H189, H256, CP-80,794, PD-129,541 and PD-130,328) have been solved at atomic resolution allowing full anisotropic modelling of each complex. The active sites of the five structures have been studied with a view to studying the catalytic mechanism of the aspartic proteinases by locating the active site protons by carboxyl bond length differences and electron density analysis. In the CP-80,794 structure there is excellent electron density for the hydrogen on the inhibitory statine hydroxyl group which forms a hydrogen bond with the inner oxygen of Asp32. The location of this proton has implications for the catalytic mechanism of the aspartic proteinases as it is consistent with the proposed mechanism in which Asp32 is the negatively charged aspartate. A number of short hydrogen bonds (,2.6A ° ) with ESD values of around 0.01 A ° that may have a role in catalysis have been identified within the active site of each structure; the lengths of these bonds have been confirmed using NMR techniques. The possibility and implications of low barrier hydrogen bonds in the active site are considered.
anisotropic refinement, aspartic proteinase mechanism, atomic resolution, tetrahedral intermediate, transition-state analogues
0022-2836
1405-1415
Coates, L.
2be36c11-8cb2-4518-a001-953051aa6a23
Erskine, P.T.
c77b60c5-b80c-4e6a-a103-bf57ecfcbcf6
Crump, M.P.
c6ceb566-d628-4fd5-bfe7-13b744088f87
Wood, S.P.
430faabf-7f5c-4cf6-9bcc-5955f5e09566
Cooper, J.B.
d9f0f6a8-1260-48fc-aa5c-3dbc650e3ec0
Coates, L.
2be36c11-8cb2-4518-a001-953051aa6a23
Erskine, P.T.
c77b60c5-b80c-4e6a-a103-bf57ecfcbcf6
Crump, M.P.
c6ceb566-d628-4fd5-bfe7-13b744088f87
Wood, S.P.
430faabf-7f5c-4cf6-9bcc-5955f5e09566
Cooper, J.B.
d9f0f6a8-1260-48fc-aa5c-3dbc650e3ec0

Coates, L., Erskine, P.T., Crump, M.P., Wood, S.P. and Cooper, J.B. (2002) Five atomic resolution structures of endothiapepsin inhibitor complexes: implications for the aspartic proteinase mechanism. Journal of Molecular Biology, 318 (5), 1405-1415. (doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00197-3).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Endothiapepsin is derived from the fungus Endothia parasitica and is a member of the aspartic proteinase class of enzymes. This class of enzyme is comprised of two structurally similar lobes, each lobe contributing an aspartic acid residue to form a catalytic dyad that acts to cleave the substrate peptide bond. The three-dimensional structures of endothiapepsin bound to five transition state analogue inhibitors (H189, H256, CP-80,794, PD-129,541 and PD-130,328) have been solved at atomic resolution allowing full anisotropic modelling of each complex. The active sites of the five structures have been studied with a view to studying the catalytic mechanism of the aspartic proteinases by locating the active site protons by carboxyl bond length differences and electron density analysis. In the CP-80,794 structure there is excellent electron density for the hydrogen on the inhibitory statine hydroxyl group which forms a hydrogen bond with the inner oxygen of Asp32. The location of this proton has implications for the catalytic mechanism of the aspartic proteinases as it is consistent with the proposed mechanism in which Asp32 is the negatively charged aspartate. A number of short hydrogen bonds (,2.6A ° ) with ESD values of around 0.01 A ° that may have a role in catalysis have been identified within the active site of each structure; the lengths of these bonds have been confirmed using NMR techniques. The possibility and implications of low barrier hydrogen bonds in the active site are considered.

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Submitted date: 10 December 2001
Published date: 17 May 2002
Keywords: anisotropic refinement, aspartic proteinase mechanism, atomic resolution, tetrahedral intermediate, transition-state analogues
Organisations: Biological Sciences

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 24102
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/24102
ISSN: 0022-2836
PURE UUID: 0ccdfb22-6659-4c3d-958b-c3e2916cd39a

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Date deposited: 22 Mar 2006
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 06:52

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Contributors

Author: L. Coates
Author: P.T. Erskine
Author: M.P. Crump
Author: S.P. Wood
Author: J.B. Cooper

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