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Reduced soluble CD14 levels in amniotic fluid and breast milk are associated with the subsequent development of atopy, eczema, or both

Reduced soluble CD14 levels in amniotic fluid and breast milk are associated with the subsequent development of atopy, eczema, or both
Reduced soluble CD14 levels in amniotic fluid and breast milk are associated with the subsequent development of atopy, eczema, or both
Background: Exposure to various microbial products in early life reduces the risk of atopy. Such exposure induces downregulation of TH2 allergy-biased responses by means of pattern recognition molecules, such as CD14, an LPS receptor.
Objective: We sought to determine whether infant and maternal levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) are associated with the atopic outcomes of infants.
Methods: Levels of sCD14 in plasma, amniotic fluid, and breast milk were measured with a specific ELISA in different cohorts. Expression of toll-like receptors in the fetal gut was examined by using RT-PCR.
Results: Soluble CD14 levels increased during fetal development and postnatally, attaining adult levels by around 4 months of age, with an overshoot of adult levels from 6 months of age. There was no difference in plasma sCD14 levels at birth of children with a high compared with those with a low risk of development of atopy. Amniotic fluid sCD14 levels at midgestation (16-17 weeks) were significantly lower when the child was subsequently atopic (P < .05). Soluble CD14 levels in breast milk collected 3 months postpartum were significantly lower in children with eczema at 6 months of age, irrespective of whether they were atopic (P = .003). Transcripts for toll-like receptor 4, which would enable transmembrane signaling for LPS/sCD14 complexes, were expressed within fetal gut and skin.
Conclusion: Exposure to reduced levels of sCD14 in the fetal and neonatal gastrointestinal tract is associated with the development of atopy, eczema, or both. Thus the exogenous supply of sCD14 might influence immunologic reactivity both locally and systemically in early life and thereby influence disease outcome.
soluble cd14, amniotic fluid, breast milk, eczema
0091-6749
858-866
Jones, C.A.
cc280b99-2340-4e6c-8256-0dc8483ac5c5
Holloway, J.A.
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Popplewell, E.J.
82217f3c-8b4a-41b5-b84f-aab82c78ab78
Diaper, N.D.
4fb72117-ec04-48e9-b375-3eb5cb4997f5
Holloway, J.W.
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Vance, G.H.S.
8ed79f14-bd4e-467e-b84d-9aba60f74f57
Warner, J.A.
fdbac85b-c424-44e8-bdd3-d44c38ea760a
Warner, J.O.
c232f1e5-62eb-46e6-8b0c-4836b45b36a5
Jones, C.A.
cc280b99-2340-4e6c-8256-0dc8483ac5c5
Holloway, J.A.
f22f45f3-6fc8-4a4c-bc6c-24add507037c
Popplewell, E.J.
82217f3c-8b4a-41b5-b84f-aab82c78ab78
Diaper, N.D.
4fb72117-ec04-48e9-b375-3eb5cb4997f5
Holloway, J.W.
4bbd77e6-c095-445d-a36b-a50a72f6fe1a
Vance, G.H.S.
8ed79f14-bd4e-467e-b84d-9aba60f74f57
Warner, J.A.
fdbac85b-c424-44e8-bdd3-d44c38ea760a
Warner, J.O.
c232f1e5-62eb-46e6-8b0c-4836b45b36a5

Jones, C.A., Holloway, J.A., Popplewell, E.J., Diaper, N.D., Holloway, J.W., Vance, G.H.S., Warner, J.A. and Warner, J.O. (2002) Reduced soluble CD14 levels in amniotic fluid and breast milk are associated with the subsequent development of atopy, eczema, or both. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 109 (5), 858-866. (doi:10.1067/mai.2002.123535).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Background: Exposure to various microbial products in early life reduces the risk of atopy. Such exposure induces downregulation of TH2 allergy-biased responses by means of pattern recognition molecules, such as CD14, an LPS receptor.
Objective: We sought to determine whether infant and maternal levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) are associated with the atopic outcomes of infants.
Methods: Levels of sCD14 in plasma, amniotic fluid, and breast milk were measured with a specific ELISA in different cohorts. Expression of toll-like receptors in the fetal gut was examined by using RT-PCR.
Results: Soluble CD14 levels increased during fetal development and postnatally, attaining adult levels by around 4 months of age, with an overshoot of adult levels from 6 months of age. There was no difference in plasma sCD14 levels at birth of children with a high compared with those with a low risk of development of atopy. Amniotic fluid sCD14 levels at midgestation (16-17 weeks) were significantly lower when the child was subsequently atopic (P < .05). Soluble CD14 levels in breast milk collected 3 months postpartum were significantly lower in children with eczema at 6 months of age, irrespective of whether they were atopic (P = .003). Transcripts for toll-like receptor 4, which would enable transmembrane signaling for LPS/sCD14 complexes, were expressed within fetal gut and skin.
Conclusion: Exposure to reduced levels of sCD14 in the fetal and neonatal gastrointestinal tract is associated with the development of atopy, eczema, or both. Thus the exogenous supply of sCD14 might influence immunologic reactivity both locally and systemically in early life and thereby influence disease outcome.

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More information

Published date: 2002
Additional Information: Dermatologic and ocular diseases
Keywords: soluble cd14, amniotic fluid, breast milk, eczema

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 27186
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/27186
ISSN: 0091-6749
PURE UUID: 9599f15e-bc97-4f0e-8de2-08f6af45e4ae
ORCID for J.A. Holloway: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-2268-3071
ORCID for J.W. Holloway: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-0464

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 27 Apr 2006
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 03:13

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Contributors

Author: C.A. Jones
Author: J.A. Holloway ORCID iD
Author: E.J. Popplewell
Author: N.D. Diaper
Author: J.W. Holloway ORCID iD
Author: G.H.S. Vance
Author: J.A. Warner
Author: J.O. Warner

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