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Differential dopamine receptor D4 allele association with ADHD dependent of proband season of birth

Differential dopamine receptor D4 allele association with ADHD dependent of proband season of birth
Differential dopamine receptor D4 allele association with ADHD dependent of proband season of birth
Season of birth (SOB) has been associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in two existing studies. One further study reported an interaction between SOB and genotypes of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene. It is important that these findings are further investigated to confirm or refute the findings. In this study, we investigated the SOB association with ADHD in four independent samples collected for molecular genetic studies of ADHD and found a small but significant increase in summer births compared to a large population control dataset. We also observed a significant association with the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in exon three with probands born in the winter season, with no significant differential transmission of this allele between summer and winter seasons. Preferential transmission of the 2-repeat allele to ADHD probands occurred in those who were born during the summer season, but did not surpass significance for association, even though the difference in transmission between the two seasons was nominally significant. However, following adjustment for multiple testing of alleles none of the SOB effects remained significant. We conclude that the DRD4 7-repeat allele is associated with ADHD but there is no association or interaction with SOB for increased risk for ADHD. Our findings suggest that we can refute a possible effect of SOB for ADHD.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd), season of birth, dopamine D4 receptor gene
1552-4841
94-99
Brookes, K.J.
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Neale, B.
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Xu, X.
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Thapar, A.
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Gill, M.
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Langley, K.
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Hawi, Z.
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Mill, J.
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Taylor, E.
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Franke, B.
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Chen, W.
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Ebstein, R.
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Buitelaar, J.
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Banaschewski, T.
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Sonuga-Barke, E.
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Eisenberg, J.
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Manor, I.
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Miranda, A.
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Oades, R.D.
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Roeyers, H.
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Rothenberger, A.
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Sergeant, J.
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Steinhausen, H.C.
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Faraone, S.V.
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Asherson, P.
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Brookes, K.J.
b18abfd0-f994-4d3c-923c-de551c2c705b
Neale, B.
e8948089-07bd-407a-8ede-8051f536c8d1
Xu, X.
6da974fd-c59c-4388-8eaf-73017928017a
Thapar, A.
792558b3-01ec-4ccf-83c6-9f408aa3b601
Gill, M.
ae2696a2-c4b5-4a68-8f42-f26dbed5e251
Langley, K.
ce8d5c40-3372-4746-a091-55f787db296f
Hawi, Z.
4a77799f-17a3-41b0-a7f7-b2ff9e6ba6b7
Mill, J.
d3a6160d-af3a-4e9e-ab59-8720d81640dd
Taylor, E.
4528abc7-ae2b-4268-a646-68f9c2cae4d3
Franke, B.
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Chen, W.
99d5f0b4-a927-4e63-be3c-25fbbe9933bc
Ebstein, R.
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Buitelaar, J.
fa22aba5-1307-4627-9ae8-e564013a5af8
Banaschewski, T.
ca2651e5-143a-4171-b6d0-3e3853b684d8
Sonuga-Barke, E.
bc80bf95-6cf9-4c76-a09d-eaaf0b717635
Eisenberg, J.
d91585a2-2d07-45b3-85e1-53b1ef09c0ea
Manor, I.
4e8bcd80-e32d-420c-9110-de08cff4aee3
Miranda, A.
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Oades, R.D.
89c5ac77-d90a-4d61-8cd0-826e4c90441c
Roeyers, H.
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Rothenberger, A.
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Sergeant, J.
76cfd9c5-bab9-4119-b5c2-af1749e22c71
Steinhausen, H.C.
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Faraone, S.V.
023439f0-0461-4037-9b79-27e0c25a9488
Asherson, P.
4ecfa0c9-ea9c-47b9-aae8-429822c6c7ee

Brookes, K.J., Neale, B., Xu, X., Thapar, A., Gill, M., Langley, K., Hawi, Z., Mill, J., Taylor, E., Franke, B., Chen, W., Ebstein, R., Buitelaar, J., Banaschewski, T., Sonuga-Barke, E., Eisenberg, J., Manor, I., Miranda, A., Oades, R.D., Roeyers, H., Rothenberger, A., Sergeant, J., Steinhausen, H.C., Faraone, S.V. and Asherson, P. (2008) Differential dopamine receptor D4 allele association with ADHD dependent of proband season of birth. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 147B (1), 94-99. (doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30562).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Season of birth (SOB) has been associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in two existing studies. One further study reported an interaction between SOB and genotypes of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene. It is important that these findings are further investigated to confirm or refute the findings. In this study, we investigated the SOB association with ADHD in four independent samples collected for molecular genetic studies of ADHD and found a small but significant increase in summer births compared to a large population control dataset. We also observed a significant association with the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in exon three with probands born in the winter season, with no significant differential transmission of this allele between summer and winter seasons. Preferential transmission of the 2-repeat allele to ADHD probands occurred in those who were born during the summer season, but did not surpass significance for association, even though the difference in transmission between the two seasons was nominally significant. However, following adjustment for multiple testing of alleles none of the SOB effects remained significant. We conclude that the DRD4 7-repeat allele is associated with ADHD but there is no association or interaction with SOB for increased risk for ADHD. Our findings suggest that we can refute a possible effect of SOB for ADHD.

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More information

Published date: 5 January 2008
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd), season of birth, dopamine D4 receptor gene

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 50135
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/50135
ISSN: 1552-4841
PURE UUID: 3fe1a7ed-94b8-4cc5-b2c2-e9a4156e2e9b

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Date deposited: 30 Jan 2008
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 10:03

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Contributors

Author: K.J. Brookes
Author: B. Neale
Author: X. Xu
Author: A. Thapar
Author: M. Gill
Author: K. Langley
Author: Z. Hawi
Author: J. Mill
Author: E. Taylor
Author: B. Franke
Author: W. Chen
Author: R. Ebstein
Author: J. Buitelaar
Author: T. Banaschewski
Author: E. Sonuga-Barke
Author: J. Eisenberg
Author: I. Manor
Author: A. Miranda
Author: R.D. Oades
Author: H. Roeyers
Author: A. Rothenberger
Author: J. Sergeant
Author: H.C. Steinhausen
Author: S.V. Faraone
Author: P. Asherson

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