The fraction of compton-thick sources in an integral complete AGN sample

Malizia, A., Stephen, J.B., Bassani, L., Bird, A.J., Panessa, F. and Ubertini, P. (2009) The fraction of compton-thick sources in an integral complete AGN sample. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 399 (2), 944-951. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15330.x).

Abstract

We study the NH distribution in a complete sample of 88 active galactic nuclei (AGN) selected in the 20-40 keV band from INTEGRAL/Imager on Board the Integral Satellite (IBIS) observations. We find that the fraction of absorbed (NH ≥ 10²² cm²) sources is 43 per cent while the Compton thick AGN comprise 7 per cent of the sample. While these estimates are fully compatible with previous soft gamma-ray surveys, they would appear to be in contrast with results reported by Risaliti, Maiolino & Salvati using an optically selected sample.

This apparent difference can be explained as being due to a selection bias caused by the reduction in high energy flux in Compton thick objects rendering them invisible at our sensitivity limit. Taking this into account, we estimate that the fraction of highly absorbed sources is actually in close agreement with the optically selected sample. Furthermore, we show that the measured fraction of absorbed sources in our sample decreases from 80 to ~20-30 per cent as a function of redshift with all Compton thick AGN having z ≤ 0.015 .

If we limit our analysis to this distance and compare only the type 2 objects in our sample with the Risaliti et al. objects below this redshift value, we find a perfect match to their NH distribution. We conclude that in the low-redshift bin we are seeing almost the entire AGN population, from unabsorbed to at least mildly Compton thick objects, while in the total sample we lose the heavily absorbed 'counterparts' of distant and therefore dim sources with little or no absorption.

Taking therefore this low z bin as the only one able to provide the 'true' distribution of absorption in types 1 and 2 AGN, we estimate the fraction of Compton thick objects to be ≥24 per cent.

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Contributors

Author: A.J. Bird

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