- Review
Geographic variations in microbial keratitis: an analysis of the peer-reviewed literature
Studies meeting criteria for inclusion in review
| Location of study (reference) | Gross national income per capita ($) | Time period (months) | No of patients | Proportion (%) of patients using contact lenses | Method of culture | Proportion (%) of patients with positive cultures |
| Africa | ||||||
| Ghana12 | 590 | 24 | 290 | Unspecified | Sheep's blood agar, Sabouraud broth, inhibitory mould agar, brain–heart infusion broth, chocolate agar and cysteine tryptone agar | 50 |
| Accra, Ghana13 | 590 | Unspecified | 199 | Unspecified | Chocolate, Sabouraud | 64 |
| Indian subcontinent | ||||||
| Nepal14 | 340 | 36 | 447 | Unspecified | Sheep's blood agar, chocolate, brain–heart infusion, Sabouraud | 68 |
| Chittagong, Bangladesh15 | 470 | Unspecified | 151 | Unspecified | Blood, chocolate, thioglycolate, Sabouraud | 63 |
| Tamil Nadu, India12 | 950 | 24 | 800 | Unspecified | Sheep's blood agar, Sabouraud broth and Sabouraud glucose agar, brain heart infusion broth, chocolate, cysteine tryptone agar | 69 |
| West Bengal, India10 | 950 | 36 | 1198 | 0.33 | Blood, chocolate, potato dextrose agar, Sabouraud dextrose | 68 |
| New Delhi, India2 | 950 | Unspecified | 100 | 2.0 | Blood, chocolate, thioglycolate, Sabouraud | 65 |
| Madurai, India4 | 950 | 3 | 434 | Unspecified | Sheep's blood agar, potato dextrose agar, chocolate, brain–heart infusion | 68 |
| Hyderabad, India16 | 950 | 95 | 1092 | Unspecified | Sheep's blood agar, chocolate, non-nutrient, Sabouraud, brain–heart infusion, potato dextrose agar | 35 |
| Tamil Nadu, India17 | 950 | 36 | 3183 | 1.04 | Unspecified | 71 |
| Hyderabad, India18 | 950 | 15 | 170 | Unspecified | Unspecified | 69.4 |
| Delhi, India19 | 950 | 12 | 1000 | 8.2 | Unspecified | 56.8 |
| Riyadh, Saudi Arabia20 ‡ | 15 440 | 12 | 103 | 17.48 | Blood, chocolate, Sabouraud and thioglycolate | Unspecified for 2005‡ |
| Baghdad, Iraq21 † | 2320 | 36 | 394 | 6.09 | Blood, chocolate, Sabouraud and brain–heart infusion | 58.6 |
| South America | ||||||
| Asuncion, Paraquay22 | 1670 | 162 | 660 | Unspecified | Blood, chocolate thioglycolate, Sabouraud | 79 |
| Far East | ||||||
| Taipei, Taiwan23 | 16 590 | 120 | 453 | 44.3* | Chocolate, sheep's blood agar, Sabouraud | 56 |
| Taipei, Taiwan24 | 16 590 | 12 | 314 | 9.9 | Blood, chocolate, thioglycolate, brain–heart infusion | 43 |
| Singapore25 | 32 470 | 60 | 80 | 22.5 | Blood, chocolate, thioglycolate, Sabouraud, brain–heart infusion | 100 |
| Singapore26 | 32 470 | 22 | 103 | 34 | Blood, chocolate, thioglycolate, Sabouraud | 50 |
| Hong Kong5 | 31 610 | 17 | 223 | 26.5 | Blood, chocolate, thiogylcolate, Sabouraud, non-nutrient Page's saline agar | 35 |
| Bangkok, Thailand27 | 34 000 | 47 | 127 | 24.4 | Blood, chocolate, thioglycolate | 100 |
| Australasia | ||||||
| Auckland, New Zealand3 | 28 780 | 24 | 98 | 26 | Blood, Sabouraud, thioglycolate, brain–heart infusion, Page's amoebic saline | 71 |
| Christchurch, New Zealand28 | 28 780 | 60 | 78 | Unspecified | Sheep's blood agar, chocolate | 59 |
| Adelaide, Australia29 | 35 960 | 61 | 211 | Unspecified | Blood, chocolate, Sabouraud | 64 |
| Victoria, Australia7 | 35 960 | 24 | 291 | 33.7 | Chocolate, Sabouraud | 49 |
| Brisbane, Australia6 | 35 960 | 60 | 231 | 22.9 | Blood, MacConkey, chocolate, Sabouraud | 65 |
| North America and Canada | ||||||
| Toronto, Canada30 | 39 420 | 25 | 95 | 11.6 | Blood, chocolate, inhibitory mould agar, thioglycolate | 63 |
| Miami, USA31 | 46 040 | 108 | 2920 | 10.4* | Chocolate, sheep's blood agar, Sabouraud, thioglycolate | 50 |
| Pittsburgh, USA32 | 46 040 | 60 | 825 | Unspecified | Sheep's blood agar, chocolate, mannitol salt agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with gentamicin | 100 |
| Los Angeles, USA33 | 46 040 | 31 | 81 | Unspecified | Blood, chocolate, thioglycolate, Sabouraud | 76 |
| Texas, USA34 | 46 040 | 60 | 131 | 28.8 | Chocolate, blood, thioglycolate, Sabouraud dextrose | 52.5 |
| Durham, USA35 | 46 040 | 84 | 453 | Unspecified | Blood, chocolate, Sabouraud, thioglycolate | 68 |
| Europe | ||||||
| Paris, France11 | 38 500 | 21 | 291 | 50.3* | Chocolate polyvitex agar, Schaedler broth with globular extract, Portagerm-Amies agar swab, Sabouraud-chloramphenicol-gentamicin medium | 68 |
| Laussanne, Switzerland36 | 59 880 | 21 | 85 | 36 | Blood, Sabouraud, chocolate, brain–heart infusion | 86 |
| Anatolia, Turkey37 | 8020 | 192 | 620 | 3.2 | Chocolate, blood agar, Sabouraud | 48.4 |
| Amsterdam and Rotterdam38 | 45 820 | 36 | 156 | 39.74 | Blood agar, chocolate agar, cooked meat broth, Sabouraud agar | 58 |
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↵* Paper did not specify the number of contact-lens wearers. Instead, the authors report on the number of isolates from contact-lens wearers. The figure given in the table therefore represents the percentage of isolates retrieved from cases where contact-lens wear was a risk factor.
-
↵† Estimated to be lower middle income ($936 to $3705); the value given in the table is the midpoint of this range.
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↵‡ This paper presented data for 1995 and 2005; only 2005 data have been extracted in our study.
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