Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on volatile terpenoid emissions and multitrophic communication of transgenic insecticidal oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

Himanen, Sari J., Nerg, Anne-Marja, Nissinen, Anne, Pinto, Delia M., Stewart, C. Neal, Poppy, Guy M. and Holopainen, Jarmo K. (2009) Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on volatile terpenoid emissions and multitrophic communication of transgenic insecticidal oilseed rape (Brassica napus). New Phytologist, 181 (1), 174-186. (doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02646.x). (PMID:19076723)

Abstract

• Does transgenically incorporated insect resistance affect constitutive and herbivore-inducible terpenoid emissions and multitrophic communication under elevated atmospheric CO2 or ozone (O3)? This study aimed to clarify the possible interactions between allocation to direct defences (Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin production) and that to endogenous indirect defences under future climatic conditions.

• Terpenoid emissions were measured from vegetative-stage non-Bt and Bt Brassica napus grown in growth chambers under control or doubled CO2, and control (filtered air) or 100 ppb O3. The olfactometric orientation of Cotesia vestalis, an endoparasitoid of the herbivorous diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), was assessed under the corresponding CO2 and O3 concentrations.

• The response of terpenoid emission to CO2 or O3 elevations was equivalent for Bt and non-Bt plants, but lower target herbivory reduced herbivore-inducible emissions from Bt plants. Elevated CO2 increased emissions of most terpenoids, whereas O3 reduced total terpenoid emissions. Cotesia vestalis orientated to host-damaged plants independent of plant type or CO2 concentration. Under elevated O3, host-damaged non-Bt plants attracted 75% of the parasitoids, but only 36.8% of parasitoids orientated to host-damaged Bt plants.

• Elevated O3 has the potential to perturb specialized food-web communication in Bt crops.

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