Detecting growth hormone abuse in athletes
Detecting growth hormone abuse in athletes
There is widespread anecdotal evidence that growth hormone (GH) is used by athletes for its anabolic and lipolytic properties. Although GH is on the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) list of banned substances, the detection of abuse with GH is challenging. Two approaches have been developed to detect GH abuse. The first is based on the measurement of pituitary GH isoforms and the second is based on the measurement of markers of GH action.Pituitary GH contains multiple isoforms whereas recombinant human GH comprises solely the 22-kDa isoform. Immunoassays that recognize the different isoforms have been developed and form the basis of the test introduced by WADA at the Athens Olympic Games. To date, no athlete has tested positive.The GH-2000 project proposed a test based on the measurement of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and type III pro-collagen (P-III-P) as these markers increase in a dose-dependent manner in response to GH and their basal concentration varies much less than GH. When combined with discriminant function analysis, these markers were able to differentiate between those taking GH and placebo in double-blind placebo controlled trials. Subsequent studies have shown that the test is applicable across different ethnicities and is unaffected by injury.
abuse, biomarker, GH, IGF-I, isoforms, P-III-P, sport
426-433
Holt, Richard I.G.
d54202e1-fcf6-4a17-a320-9f32d7024393
September 2009
Holt, Richard I.G.
d54202e1-fcf6-4a17-a320-9f32d7024393
Holt, Richard I.G.
(2009)
Detecting growth hormone abuse in athletes.
[in special issue: Growth Hormone: Barriers to the Implementation of Human Growth Hormone Testing in Sport]
Drug Testing and Analysis, 1 (9-10), .
(doi:10.1002/dta.59).
Abstract
There is widespread anecdotal evidence that growth hormone (GH) is used by athletes for its anabolic and lipolytic properties. Although GH is on the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) list of banned substances, the detection of abuse with GH is challenging. Two approaches have been developed to detect GH abuse. The first is based on the measurement of pituitary GH isoforms and the second is based on the measurement of markers of GH action.Pituitary GH contains multiple isoforms whereas recombinant human GH comprises solely the 22-kDa isoform. Immunoassays that recognize the different isoforms have been developed and form the basis of the test introduced by WADA at the Athens Olympic Games. To date, no athlete has tested positive.The GH-2000 project proposed a test based on the measurement of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and type III pro-collagen (P-III-P) as these markers increase in a dose-dependent manner in response to GH and their basal concentration varies much less than GH. When combined with discriminant function analysis, these markers were able to differentiate between those taking GH and placebo in double-blind placebo controlled trials. Subsequent studies have shown that the test is applicable across different ethnicities and is unaffected by injury.
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Published date: September 2009
Keywords:
abuse, biomarker, GH, IGF-I, isoforms, P-III-P, sport
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Local EPrints ID: 157591
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/157591
ISSN: 1942-7603
PURE UUID: 6639776f-26b4-49e4-b5f5-2a363f7b1913
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Date deposited: 08 Jun 2010 15:15
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 02:45
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