Pinch, S. (2001) Economic restructuring: geographical aspects. In, Hanson, S. (ed.) International Encyclopaedia of the Social and Behavioural Sciences [geography section]. Oxford, UK. Elsevier, pp. 4122-4128. (doi:10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02556-0).
Abstract
Geographical studies of economic restructuring seek to explain geographical variations in economic development. Although a series of foci, rather than a single integrated approach, these perspectives share a common desire to understand the geographical complexities of economic restructuring without recourse to universal ‘laws’ of economics that are assumed to work in all places at all times. Instead, economic behavior is seen as dependent upon the cultural norms and institutional practices manifest in particular places at specific points in the history of capitalist development. The spatial divisions of labor approach examines the tendency for different types of work to be undertaken in different places. The new industrial spaces approach examines the phenomenon of industrial agglomeration and tendency for geographical clusters of firms to be world leaders in a range of manufacturing sectors. Other studies focus upon globalization and the influence of transnational corporations upon economic development. The rapid growth of services is another focus, as are the feminization of the workforce and the restructuring of the public sector. The most recent restructuring approach has examined the development of so-called knowledge economies and the effects of new telecommunications technologies (or telematics) on economic development.
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