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The transport profile of cytokines in epidermal equivalents subjected to mechanical loading

The transport profile of cytokines in epidermal equivalents subjected to mechanical loading
The transport profile of cytokines in epidermal equivalents subjected to mechanical loading
Pressure ulcer risk assessment might be optimized by incorporating the soft tissue reaction to mechanical loading in the currently used risk assessment scales. Cytokines, like IL-1alpha, IL-1RA, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, might be used to determine this tissue reaction, since they are released after 24 h of mechanical loading of epidermal equivalents. In the current study, the release and transport of these cytokines with time was evaluated. Epidermal equivalents were subjected to 20 kPa for different time periods (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, and 24 h). Compared to the unloaded control group, a significant increase was found for IL-1alpha (4.7-fold), IL-1RA (4.8-fold), and IL-8 (3.6-fold) release after 1 h loading. For TNF-alpha, the release was significantly increased after 4 h of loading (5.1-fold compared to the unloaded situation), coinciding with the first signs of gross structural tissue damage. These cytokine values were determined in the surrounding medium and a transport model was developed to evaluate the distribution of cytokines inside the culture. These simulations revealed that all IL-8 and TNF-alpha was released from the keratinocytes, whereas most of the IL-1alpha and IL-1RA remained inside the keratinocytes during the 24 h loading period. In conclusion, IL-1alpha, IL-1RA, and IL-8 appear promising biochemical markers for pressure ulcer risk assessment, since their release is increased after 1 h of epidermal loading and before the onset of structural tissue damage.

0090-6964
1007-1018
Cornelissen, L H
1142962c-2061-49a8-ae5d-9f74b11e0f47
Bronneburg, D
296701a3-8ea4-4fe1-806d-92df7d030ed7
Bader, D L
6058722f-f85d-4b89-ad04-98023a81f803
Baaijens, F P T
2e111de8-38ff-42ee-bef5-1f152f9d2b70
Oomen, C W J
5c4d06a7-3c99-46bc-978f-d6db46071a0e
Cornelissen, L H
1142962c-2061-49a8-ae5d-9f74b11e0f47
Bronneburg, D
296701a3-8ea4-4fe1-806d-92df7d030ed7
Bader, D L
6058722f-f85d-4b89-ad04-98023a81f803
Baaijens, F P T
2e111de8-38ff-42ee-bef5-1f152f9d2b70
Oomen, C W J
5c4d06a7-3c99-46bc-978f-d6db46071a0e

Cornelissen, L H, Bronneburg, D, Bader, D L, Baaijens, F P T and Oomen, C W J (2009) The transport profile of cytokines in epidermal equivalents subjected to mechanical loading. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 37 (5), 1007-1018. (doi:10.1007/s10439-009-9652-y). (PMID:19234790)

Record type: Article

Abstract

Pressure ulcer risk assessment might be optimized by incorporating the soft tissue reaction to mechanical loading in the currently used risk assessment scales. Cytokines, like IL-1alpha, IL-1RA, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, might be used to determine this tissue reaction, since they are released after 24 h of mechanical loading of epidermal equivalents. In the current study, the release and transport of these cytokines with time was evaluated. Epidermal equivalents were subjected to 20 kPa for different time periods (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, and 24 h). Compared to the unloaded control group, a significant increase was found for IL-1alpha (4.7-fold), IL-1RA (4.8-fold), and IL-8 (3.6-fold) release after 1 h loading. For TNF-alpha, the release was significantly increased after 4 h of loading (5.1-fold compared to the unloaded situation), coinciding with the first signs of gross structural tissue damage. These cytokine values were determined in the surrounding medium and a transport model was developed to evaluate the distribution of cytokines inside the culture. These simulations revealed that all IL-8 and TNF-alpha was released from the keratinocytes, whereas most of the IL-1alpha and IL-1RA remained inside the keratinocytes during the 24 h loading period. In conclusion, IL-1alpha, IL-1RA, and IL-8 appear promising biochemical markers for pressure ulcer risk assessment, since their release is increased after 1 h of epidermal loading and before the onset of structural tissue damage.

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Published date: 2009

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 169357
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/169357
ISSN: 0090-6964
PURE UUID: bad08d7b-0e46-4926-9c90-5847a4deadf6

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Date deposited: 14 Dec 2010 09:51
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 02:20

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Contributors

Author: L H Cornelissen
Author: D Bronneburg
Author: D L Bader
Author: F P T Baaijens
Author: C W J Oomen

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