Gender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Gender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Objectives: research on migration and HIV has largely focused on male migration, often failing to measure HIV risks associated with migration for women. We aimed to establish whether associations between migration and HIV infection differ for women and men, and identify possible mechanisms by which women's migration contributes to their high infection risk.
Design: data on socio-demographic characteristics, patterns of migration, sexual behavior and HIV infection status were obtained for a population of 11,677 women aged 15–49 and men aged 15–54, resident members of households within a demographic surveillance area participating in HIV surveillance in 2003–04.
Methods: logistic regression was conducted to examine whether sex and migration were independently associated with HIV infection in three additive effects models, using measures of recent migration, household presence and migration frequency. Multiplicative effects models were fitted to explore whether the risk of HIV associated with migration differed for males and females. Further modeling and simulations explored whether composition or behavioral differences accounted for observed associations.
Results: relative to non-migrant males, non-migrant females had higher odds of being HIV-positive (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.72; 95% confidence interval [1.49–1.99]), but odds were higher for female migrants (aOR = 2.55 [2.07–3.13]). Female migrants also had higher odds of infection relative to female non-migrants (aOR = 1.48 [1.23–1.77]). The association between number of sexual partners over the lifetime and HIV infection was modified by both sex and migrant status: For male non-migrants, each additional partner was associated with 3% higher odds of HIV infection (aOR = 1.03 [1.02–1.05]); for male migrants the association between number of partners and HIV infection was non-significant. Each additional partner increased odds of HIV infection by 22% for female non-migrants (aOR = 1.22 [1.12–1.32]) and 46% for female migrants (aOR = 1.46 [1.25–1.69]).
Conclusions: higher risk sexual behavior in the context of migration increased women's likelihood of HIV infection
e11539
Camlin, C.
b27683fe-119c-485f-8a9b-ef51fa3fe37c
Hosegood, Victoria
c59a89d5-5edc-42dd-b282-f44458fd2993
Newell, M.
fced7ba6-4d11-463f-8285-99fd50a9d001
McGrath, N.
b75c0232-24ec-443f-93a9-69e9e12dc961
Barnighausen, N.
a5a871fe-7191-42d7-8956-c6776a7dbd9d
Snow, R.C.
43448436-2bdb-4e34-99ad-24e17e7c22b8
July 2010
Camlin, C.
b27683fe-119c-485f-8a9b-ef51fa3fe37c
Hosegood, Victoria
c59a89d5-5edc-42dd-b282-f44458fd2993
Newell, M.
fced7ba6-4d11-463f-8285-99fd50a9d001
McGrath, N.
b75c0232-24ec-443f-93a9-69e9e12dc961
Barnighausen, N.
a5a871fe-7191-42d7-8956-c6776a7dbd9d
Snow, R.C.
43448436-2bdb-4e34-99ad-24e17e7c22b8
Camlin, C., Hosegood, Victoria, Newell, M., McGrath, N., Barnighausen, N. and Snow, R.C.
(2010)
Gender, migration and HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
PLoS ONE, 5 (7), .
(doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011539).
(PMID:20634965)
Abstract
Objectives: research on migration and HIV has largely focused on male migration, often failing to measure HIV risks associated with migration for women. We aimed to establish whether associations between migration and HIV infection differ for women and men, and identify possible mechanisms by which women's migration contributes to their high infection risk.
Design: data on socio-demographic characteristics, patterns of migration, sexual behavior and HIV infection status were obtained for a population of 11,677 women aged 15–49 and men aged 15–54, resident members of households within a demographic surveillance area participating in HIV surveillance in 2003–04.
Methods: logistic regression was conducted to examine whether sex and migration were independently associated with HIV infection in three additive effects models, using measures of recent migration, household presence and migration frequency. Multiplicative effects models were fitted to explore whether the risk of HIV associated with migration differed for males and females. Further modeling and simulations explored whether composition or behavioral differences accounted for observed associations.
Results: relative to non-migrant males, non-migrant females had higher odds of being HIV-positive (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.72; 95% confidence interval [1.49–1.99]), but odds were higher for female migrants (aOR = 2.55 [2.07–3.13]). Female migrants also had higher odds of infection relative to female non-migrants (aOR = 1.48 [1.23–1.77]). The association between number of sexual partners over the lifetime and HIV infection was modified by both sex and migrant status: For male non-migrants, each additional partner was associated with 3% higher odds of HIV infection (aOR = 1.03 [1.02–1.05]); for male migrants the association between number of partners and HIV infection was non-significant. Each additional partner increased odds of HIV infection by 22% for female non-migrants (aOR = 1.22 [1.12–1.32]) and 46% for female migrants (aOR = 1.46 [1.25–1.69]).
Conclusions: higher risk sexual behavior in the context of migration increased women's likelihood of HIV infection
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Published date: July 2010
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Local EPrints ID: 181361
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/181361
ISSN: 1932-6203
PURE UUID: d9af1a40-56eb-4477-9443-420be4ca91c7
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Date deposited: 18 Apr 2011 10:30
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 02:59
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Author:
C. Camlin
Author:
M. Newell
Author:
N. Barnighausen
Author:
R.C. Snow
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