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Airway antioxidant and inflammatory responses to diesel exhaust exposure in healthy humans

Airway antioxidant and inflammatory responses to diesel exhaust exposure in healthy humans
Airway antioxidant and inflammatory responses to diesel exhaust exposure in healthy humans
Pulmonary cells exposed to diesel exhaust (DE) particles in vitro respond in a hierarchical fashion with protective antioxidant responses predominating at low doses and inflammation and injury only occurring at higher concentrations. In the present study, the authors examined whether similar responses occurred in vivo, specifically whether antioxidants were upregulated following a low-dose DE challenge and investigated how these responses related to the development of airway inflammation at different levels of the respiratory tract where particle dose varies markedly. A total of 15 volunteers were exposed to DE (100 microg x m(-3) airborne particulate matter with a diameter of <10 microm for 2 h) and air in a double-blinded, randomised fashion. At 18 h post-exposure, bronchoscopy was performed with lavage and mucosal biopsies taken to assess airway redox and inflammatory status. Following DE exposure, the current authors observed an increase in bronchial mucosa neutrophil and mast cell numbers, as well as increased neutrophil numbers, interleukin-8 and myeloperoxidase concentrations in bronchial lavage. No inflammatory responses were seen in the alveolar compartment, but both reduced glutathione and urate concentrations were increased following diesel exposure. In conclusion, the lung inflammatory response to diesel exhaust is compartmentalised, related to differing antioxidant responses in the conducting airway and alveolar regions.
air pollution, airway inflammation, antioxidants, diesel exhaust, glutathione, particulate matter
0903-1936
359-365
Behndig, A.F.
931c99ae-ee43-4211-93fd-e033286f4182
Mudway, I.S.
3e2763bf-e4b9-4a1a-81ce-d129f8dccef2
Brown, J.L.
2242e179-ae74-4127-9625-b821c49a7a0b
Stenfors, N.
f4570515-de95-436c-ae7a-6cef4b45b3d3
Helleday, R.
8fd5b0ef-8a37-4260-ba04-8b0b707b4fcc
Duggan, S.T.
68b7426b-50cf-449e-8eb8-7d7841e17e9d
Wilson, S.J.
21c6875d-6870-441b-ae7a-603562a646b8
Boman, C.
4851b356-6146-45cc-b143-53e75e2585b3
Cassee, F.R.
e2c127c8-42b3-499c-a842-f003b82a3238
Frew, A.J.
c00e9630-a5f0-44b3-add0-44b68836bbcb
Kelly, F.J.
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Sandström, T.
d3d026b6-08f7-4c4b-acc4-9c621390af69
Blomberg, A.
11132832-def7-4683-8a08-51dbe11581f0
Behndig, A.F.
931c99ae-ee43-4211-93fd-e033286f4182
Mudway, I.S.
3e2763bf-e4b9-4a1a-81ce-d129f8dccef2
Brown, J.L.
2242e179-ae74-4127-9625-b821c49a7a0b
Stenfors, N.
f4570515-de95-436c-ae7a-6cef4b45b3d3
Helleday, R.
8fd5b0ef-8a37-4260-ba04-8b0b707b4fcc
Duggan, S.T.
68b7426b-50cf-449e-8eb8-7d7841e17e9d
Wilson, S.J.
21c6875d-6870-441b-ae7a-603562a646b8
Boman, C.
4851b356-6146-45cc-b143-53e75e2585b3
Cassee, F.R.
e2c127c8-42b3-499c-a842-f003b82a3238
Frew, A.J.
c00e9630-a5f0-44b3-add0-44b68836bbcb
Kelly, F.J.
0662f749-2cc5-465a-a4aa-2a6ff64146ac
Sandström, T.
d3d026b6-08f7-4c4b-acc4-9c621390af69
Blomberg, A.
11132832-def7-4683-8a08-51dbe11581f0

Behndig, A.F., Mudway, I.S., Brown, J.L., Stenfors, N., Helleday, R., Duggan, S.T., Wilson, S.J., Boman, C., Cassee, F.R., Frew, A.J., Kelly, F.J., Sandström, T. and Blomberg, A. (2006) Airway antioxidant and inflammatory responses to diesel exhaust exposure in healthy humans. European Respiratory Journal, 27 (2), 359-365. (doi:10.1183/09031936.06.00136904). (PMID:16452593)

Record type: Article

Abstract

Pulmonary cells exposed to diesel exhaust (DE) particles in vitro respond in a hierarchical fashion with protective antioxidant responses predominating at low doses and inflammation and injury only occurring at higher concentrations. In the present study, the authors examined whether similar responses occurred in vivo, specifically whether antioxidants were upregulated following a low-dose DE challenge and investigated how these responses related to the development of airway inflammation at different levels of the respiratory tract where particle dose varies markedly. A total of 15 volunteers were exposed to DE (100 microg x m(-3) airborne particulate matter with a diameter of <10 microm for 2 h) and air in a double-blinded, randomised fashion. At 18 h post-exposure, bronchoscopy was performed with lavage and mucosal biopsies taken to assess airway redox and inflammatory status. Following DE exposure, the current authors observed an increase in bronchial mucosa neutrophil and mast cell numbers, as well as increased neutrophil numbers, interleukin-8 and myeloperoxidase concentrations in bronchial lavage. No inflammatory responses were seen in the alveolar compartment, but both reduced glutathione and urate concentrations were increased following diesel exposure. In conclusion, the lung inflammatory response to diesel exhaust is compartmentalised, related to differing antioxidant responses in the conducting airway and alveolar regions.

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More information

Published date: February 2006
Keywords: air pollution, airway inflammation, antioxidants, diesel exhaust, glutathione, particulate matter

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 190905
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/190905
ISSN: 0903-1936
PURE UUID: 4421649b-124b-4588-95b4-af76f77f271f
ORCID for S.J. Wilson: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-8271

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Date deposited: 15 Jun 2011 14:12
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 03:42

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Contributors

Author: A.F. Behndig
Author: I.S. Mudway
Author: J.L. Brown
Author: N. Stenfors
Author: R. Helleday
Author: S.T. Duggan
Author: S.J. Wilson ORCID iD
Author: C. Boman
Author: F.R. Cassee
Author: A.J. Frew
Author: F.J. Kelly
Author: T. Sandström
Author: A. Blomberg

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