Variability in the ICES/NAFO region between 1950 and 2009: observations from the ICES Report on Ocean Climate
Variability in the ICES/NAFO region between 1950 and 2009: observations from the ICES Report on Ocean Climate
The ICES Report on Ocean Climate presents the latest information on the status and trends of sea temperature and salinity in the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas. It is the main product of the ICES Working Group on Oceanic Hydrography, published annually. Bringing together multiple time-series from across the ICES and NAFO regions offers insight into the concurrent spatial and temporal trends in ocean temperature and salinity. This paper presents an overview of the physical variability in the North Atlantic Ocean at decadal and longer time-scales and reviews the current state of understanding of the causes and mechanisms of this variability. Between the 1960s and the 1990s, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index increased from a persistent negative phase in the 1960s to a strong positive phase during the 1980s and early 1990s. However, during the decade 2000–2009, because of shifts in atmospheric pressure patterns, the NAO was weak and the NAO index was not a good indicator of atmospheric forcing. Marked changes were also observed in oceanographic indices such as the Subpolar Gyre index during the mid-1990s and, as a consequence, conditions in the decade 2000–2009 have been very different from those of the previous four decades.
circulation, multidecadal variability, North Atlantic, salinity, temperature
706-719
Hughes, S.
d246ca0a-9850-46c6-8f64-a11fa8e51085
Holliday, N.P.
358b0b33-f30b-44fd-a193-88365bbf2c79
Gaillard, F.
359e2235-b574-4a8f-9d5e-4760a98d2b9e
ICES Working Group on Oceanic Hydrography,
e5491c42-d147-4f99-8291-c1c1ac3c8cb5
July 2012
Hughes, S.
d246ca0a-9850-46c6-8f64-a11fa8e51085
Holliday, N.P.
358b0b33-f30b-44fd-a193-88365bbf2c79
Gaillard, F.
359e2235-b574-4a8f-9d5e-4760a98d2b9e
ICES Working Group on Oceanic Hydrography,
e5491c42-d147-4f99-8291-c1c1ac3c8cb5
Hughes, S., Holliday, N.P., Gaillard, F. and ICES Working Group on Oceanic Hydrography,
(2012)
Variability in the ICES/NAFO region between 1950 and 2009: observations from the ICES Report on Ocean Climate.
ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69 (5), .
(doi:10.1093/icesjms/fss044).
Abstract
The ICES Report on Ocean Climate presents the latest information on the status and trends of sea temperature and salinity in the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas. It is the main product of the ICES Working Group on Oceanic Hydrography, published annually. Bringing together multiple time-series from across the ICES and NAFO regions offers insight into the concurrent spatial and temporal trends in ocean temperature and salinity. This paper presents an overview of the physical variability in the North Atlantic Ocean at decadal and longer time-scales and reviews the current state of understanding of the causes and mechanisms of this variability. Between the 1960s and the 1990s, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index increased from a persistent negative phase in the 1960s to a strong positive phase during the 1980s and early 1990s. However, during the decade 2000–2009, because of shifts in atmospheric pressure patterns, the NAO was weak and the NAO index was not a good indicator of atmospheric forcing. Marked changes were also observed in oceanographic indices such as the Subpolar Gyre index during the mid-1990s and, as a consequence, conditions in the decade 2000–2009 have been very different from those of the previous four decades.
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More information
Published date: July 2012
Keywords:
circulation, multidecadal variability, North Atlantic, salinity, temperature
Organisations:
Marine Physics and Ocean Climate
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 209075
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/209075
ISSN: 1054-3139
PURE UUID: 3ae0d94e-7c83-4dfd-b905-0329168e805a
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Date deposited: 25 Jan 2012 17:23
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 04:44
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Contributors
Author:
S. Hughes
Author:
N.P. Holliday
Author:
F. Gaillard
Author:
ICES Working Group on Oceanic Hydrography
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