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A wind tunnel study of dense gas dispersion in a neutral boundary layer over a rough surface

A wind tunnel study of dense gas dispersion in a neutral boundary layer over a rough surface
A wind tunnel study of dense gas dispersion in a neutral boundary layer over a rough surface
Measurements of the vertical entrainment velocity into two-dimensional dense gas plumes over fully rough surfaces were carried out as part of a co-operative research programme with wind tunnel facilities in the USA. This paper presents results obtained for neutral boundary layer conditions in the EnFlo wind tunnel at the University of Surrey; a companion paper treats the stable boundary layer case. Entrainment velocities, WE, were deduced from the streamwise development of the concentration field, non-dimensionalised with respect to the friction velocity in the undisturbed flow, u*, and correlated with the plume Richardson number, Ri*. Results for Richardson numbers in the range Ri*<15 were found to be well fitted by the empirical expression: WE/u*=0.65/(1+0.2Ri*). Flow visualisation studies showed layered plume structures with a sharp upper interface at higher Richardson numbers and in this regime turbulent motion below the interface became progressively more intermittent as Ri* increased. Measured turbulence levels collapsed within such high Richardson number plumes and flow and dispersion were significantly affected by molecular processes. Up-welling above the source was observed when the emission speed exceeded the approach flow friction velocity, though there was no clear evidence that this affected plume behaviour away from the immediate vicinity of the source.
entrainment, Richardson number, plume depth, plume spread, concentration, LDA
1352-2310
2243-2252
Robins, Alan
fae9b9ac-6c19-4f4a-b265-a26cdd675585
Castro, Ian
66e6330d-d93a-439a-a69b-e061e660de61
Hayden, Paul
b5662acc-6375-4f86-afee-04c779155d5f
Steggal, Nathan
3d949712-ac81-4d36-8a37-7edc3248a5d3
Contini, Daniele
46262db3-e1fd-4171-aeb5-20e5f98e0672
Heist, David
1e935b77-67ce-4782-8b30-2bd251f739b9
Robins, Alan
fae9b9ac-6c19-4f4a-b265-a26cdd675585
Castro, Ian
66e6330d-d93a-439a-a69b-e061e660de61
Hayden, Paul
b5662acc-6375-4f86-afee-04c779155d5f
Steggal, Nathan
3d949712-ac81-4d36-8a37-7edc3248a5d3
Contini, Daniele
46262db3-e1fd-4171-aeb5-20e5f98e0672
Heist, David
1e935b77-67ce-4782-8b30-2bd251f739b9

Robins, Alan, Castro, Ian, Hayden, Paul, Steggal, Nathan, Contini, Daniele and Heist, David (2001) A wind tunnel study of dense gas dispersion in a neutral boundary layer over a rough surface. Atmospheric Environment, 35 (13), 2243-2252. (doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00072-3).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Measurements of the vertical entrainment velocity into two-dimensional dense gas plumes over fully rough surfaces were carried out as part of a co-operative research programme with wind tunnel facilities in the USA. This paper presents results obtained for neutral boundary layer conditions in the EnFlo wind tunnel at the University of Surrey; a companion paper treats the stable boundary layer case. Entrainment velocities, WE, were deduced from the streamwise development of the concentration field, non-dimensionalised with respect to the friction velocity in the undisturbed flow, u*, and correlated with the plume Richardson number, Ri*. Results for Richardson numbers in the range Ri*<15 were found to be well fitted by the empirical expression: WE/u*=0.65/(1+0.2Ri*). Flow visualisation studies showed layered plume structures with a sharp upper interface at higher Richardson numbers and in this regime turbulent motion below the interface became progressively more intermittent as Ri* increased. Measured turbulence levels collapsed within such high Richardson number plumes and flow and dispersion were significantly affected by molecular processes. Up-welling above the source was observed when the emission speed exceeded the approach flow friction velocity, though there was no clear evidence that this affected plume behaviour away from the immediate vicinity of the source.

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More information

Published date: 2001
Keywords: entrainment, Richardson number, plume depth, plume spread, concentration, LDA

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 21748
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/21748
ISSN: 1352-2310
PURE UUID: 365e0313-17c8-42a4-b861-58383758de6b

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Date deposited: 15 Mar 2006
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 06:32

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Contributors

Author: Alan Robins
Author: Ian Castro
Author: Paul Hayden
Author: Nathan Steggal
Author: Daniele Contini
Author: David Heist

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