Synergistic activity of gamma-linolenic acid and cytotoxic drugs against pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines

Whitehouse, P.A., Cooper, A.J. and Johnson, C.D. (2003) Synergistic activity of gamma-linolenic acid and cytotoxic drugs against pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. Pancreatology, 3 (5), 367-373. (doi:10.1159/000073651).

Abstract

Background: gamma-Linolenic acid (GLA) is growth inhibitory both in vitro and in vivo, at doses non-toxic to non-cancer cells. Chemotherapeutic agents have limited activity in pancreatic cancer. Interactions between GLA and cytotoxic drugs have not previously been investigated; any synergy might improve the therapeutic effect of these agents.
Aim: To investigate possible interactions between GLA and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro. Methods: Two pancreatic cancer cell lines were exposed to GLA alone and in combination with 5-FU or gemcitabine. Residual viable biomass was measured using the MTT assay and the results analysed by the median effect method of Chou and Talalay [Adv Enzyme Regul 1984;22:27-55].
Results: GLA concentrations of 3.9- 125 µg/ml had a synergistic or additive growth inhibitory effect on all tested concentrations of gemcitabine. Synergism was demonstrated between GLA and 5-FU only at concentrations of 62.5-125 µg/ml of 5-FU.
Conclusion: GLA has a synergistic effect with gemcitabine at concentrations that correspond to in vivo therapeutic doses. GLA with 5-FU is synergistic only at a tight range of high concentrations of 5-FU. GLA lacks toxic side effects and may be useful in combination with gemcitabine.

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