Fears and worries associated with hypoglycaemia and diabetes complications: Perceptions and experience of Hong Kong Chinese clients

Shiu, A.T.Y. and Wong, R.Y.M. (2002) Fears and worries associated with hypoglycaemia and diabetes complications: Perceptions and experience of Hong Kong Chinese clients. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 39 (2), 155-163. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02255.x).

Abstract

Aim: This paper reports the second phase of a study that explored the perceptions and experience of Hong Kong Chinese insulin-treated clients who demonstrated fear of hypoglycaemia and worry about diabetes complications.
Background: The first phase of the study, a descriptive survey (n = 120), identified 15% of respondents as simultaneously sustaining fears and worries associated with hypoglycaemia and diabetes complications. Although a small percentage, given the increasing number of clients using insulin treatment, this finding suggests a pocket of clients suffering from undesirable emotional health. However, a search of the literature identified few studies exploring Chinese clients' perceptions and experience in this area.
Design: The second phase of the study employed a purposive sampling method and semi-structured interviews to collect data from 13 participants experiencing these fears and worries.
Findings: Two researchers independently used content analysis to code and categorize data. Six categories identified were: the influence of perceptions of glycaemic control on emotion, hypo- and hyperglycaemia as a constant threat, keeping optimal glycaemic control or maintaining a working life, financial and psychological burden of blood glucose self-monitoring, being alone with the threat and finally distancing as the coping method. An overriding issue, a sense of losing control, emerged from the findings that described participants' perceptions and experience. This issue and two major health needs, developing self-efficacy and emotional support from nurses, were drawn from the findings for discussion. It is suggested that self-efficacy theory can be adopted as a conceptual framework to guide nursing practice for enhancing clients' capacity to exercise control over diabetes self-management.
Conclusions: Findings obtained from the second phase of the study illuminated those from the first phase. Implications for nursing practice were identified, including facilitating both technical and psychosocial self-efficacy, assessing clients' total life situation, strengthening competence in counselling skills and forming alliances with clients.

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