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Contents Title page Publisher's notes Expedition 327 participants Expedition 327 scientists Education and outreach Operational and technical staff Abstract Introduction and background Scientific background Geological setting and earlier work Seismic studies/Site survey data Scientific objectives Site U1362 Site U1301 Site 1027 Site U1363 Education, outreach, and communication objectives Site summaries Site U1362 Site U1301 Site 1027 Site U1363 Education, outreach, and communication summary Preliminary assessment of expedition achievements Site U1362 Site U1301 Site 1027 Site U1363 Education and outreach Operations Transit from Victoria, British Columbia, to Site U1362 Site U1362 Hole U1362A Stage 1 Hole U1362B Stage 1 Hole U1362A Stage 2 Hole U1362B Stage 2 Hole U1362A Stage 3 Hole U1362A wireline logging and packer pumping test Hole U1362A CORK wellhead and casing deployment Hole U1362A CORK instrument string deployment Hole U1362B Stage 3 Hole U1362B 24 h pumping test and tracer injection experiment Hole U1362B CORK wellhead and casing deployment Hole U1362B CORK instrument string deployment Site U1301 Hole 1027C Transit to Site U1363 Hole U1363A Hole U1363B Hole U1363C Hole U1363D Hole U1363E Hole U1363F Hole U1363G Transit to Victoria, British Columbia (Canada) References Tables T1. Operations summary. T2. Hole locations. T3. Hole summary. Figures F1. Map of expedition work area. F2. Regional bathymetric map. F3. Basement relief around drill sites. F4. Heat flow, fluid flow, and temperature profiles. F5. Cross-hole responses for fluid flow, pressure, and permeability. F6. Borehole permeability estimates. F7. Seafloor installation schematic, Hole U1362A. F8. Seafloor installation schematic, Hole U1362B. F9. Summary of some shipboard results, Holes U1362A and U1301B. F10. Pumping rates and tracer concentrations. F11. CORK schematics, Holes U1362A and U1362B. F12. Sediment recovery and lithostratigraphy. F13. Examples of education and outreach activities. F14. Caliper widths and penetration rates, Holes U1362A, U1362B, and U1301B. F15. Calculated tides. PDF file |  |  | doi:10.2204/iodp.pr.327.2010 ## References Alt, J.C., 1995. Subseafloor processes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems. In Humphris, S.E., Zierenberg, R., Mullineaux, L., and Thomson, R. (Eds.), Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological and Geological Interactions within Hydrothermal Systems. Geophys. Monogr., 91:85–114. Becker, K., and Fisher, A.T., 2008. Borehole packer tests at multiple depths resolve distinct hydrologic intervals in 3.5-Ma upper oceanic crust on the eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 113(B7):B07105. doi:10.1029/​2007JB005446 Carbotte, S.M., Nedimovic, Canales, J.P., Kent, G.M., Harding, A.J., and Marjanovic, M., 2008. Variable crustal structure along the Juan de Fuca Ridge: influence of on-axis hot spots and absolute plate motions. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 9:Q08001. doi:10.1029/​2007GC001922 Davis, E.E., Chapman, D.S., Mottl, M.J., Bentkowski, W.J., Dadey, K., Forster, C., Harris, R., Nagihara, S., Rohr, K., Wheat, G., and Whiticar, M., 1992. FlankFlux: an experiment to study the nature of hydrothermal circulation in young oceanic crust. Can. J. Earth Sci., 29(5):925–952. Davis, E.E., Chapman, D.S., Wang, K., Villinger, H., Fisher, A.T., Robinson, S.W., Grigel, J., Pribnow, D., Stein, J., and Becker, K., 1999. Regional heat flow variations across the sedimented Juan de Fuca Ridge eastern flank: constraints on lithospheric cooling and lateral hydrothermal heat transport. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 104(B8):17675–17688. doi:10.1029/1999JB900124 Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., Firth, J.V., et al., 1997. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 168: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). doi:10.2973/​odp.proc.ir.168.1997 Elderfield, H., and Schultz, A., 1996. Mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluxes and the chemical composition of the ocean. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 24(1):191–224. doi:10.1146/​annurev.earth.24.1.191 Elderfield, H., Wheat, C.G., Mottl, M.J., Monnin, C., and Spiro, B., 1999. Fluid and geochemical transport through oceanic crust: a transect across the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 172(1–2):151–165. doi:10.1016/​S0012-821X(99)00191-0 Fisher, A.T., Davis, E.E., and Becker, K., 2008. Borehole-to-borehole hydrologic response across 2.4 km in the upper oceanic crust: implications for crustal-scale properties. J. Geophys. Res., 113(B7):B07106. doi:10.1029/​2007JB005447 Fisher, A.T., Davis, E.E., Hutnak, M., Spiess, V., Zühlsdorff, L., Cherkaoui, A., Christiansen, L., Edwards, K., Macdonald, R., Villinger, H., Mottl, M.J., Wheat, C.G., and Becker, K., 2003. Hydrothermal recharge and discharge across 50 km guided by seamounts on a young ridge flank. Nature (London, U. K.), 421(6923):618–621. doi:10.1038/​nature01352 Fisher, A.T., Tsuji, T., and Gamage, K., 2010. Juan de Fuca Ridge-Flank Hydrogeology: the hydrogeologic architecture of basaltic oceanic crust: compartmentalization, anisotropy, microbiology, and crustal-scale properties on the eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge, eastern Pacific Ocean. IODP Sci. Prosp., 327. doi:10.2204/​iodp.sp.327.2010 Fisher, A.T., Urabe, T., Klaus, A., and the Expedition 301 Scientists, 2005. Proc. IODP, 301: College Station, TX (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.301.2005 Fisher, A.T., and Von Herzen, R.P., 2005. Models of hydrothermal circulation within 106 Ma seafloor: constraints on the vigor of fluid circulation and crustal properties, below the Madeira Abyssal Plain. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 6(11):Q11001. doi:10.1029/​2005GC001013 Fisher, A.T., Wheat, C.G., Becker, K., Davis, E.E., Jannasch, H., Schroeder, D., Dixon, R., Pettigrew, T.L., Meldrum, R., McDonald, R., Nielsen, M., Fisk, M., Cowen, J., Bach, W., and Edwards, K., 2005. Scientific and technical design and deployment of long-term, subseafloor observatories for hydrogeologic and related experiments, IODP Expedition 301, eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Fisher, A.T., Urabe, T., Klaus, A., and the Expedition 301 Scientists, Proc. IODP, 301: College Station, TX (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/​iodp.proc.301.103.2005 Huber, J.A., Johnson, H.P., Butterfield, D.A., and Baross, J.A., 2006. Microbial life in ridge flank crustal fluids. Environ. Microbiol., 88(1):88–99. doi:10.1111/​j.1462-2920.2005.00872.x Hutnak, M., Fisher, A.T., Zühlsdorff, L., Spiess, V., Stauffer, P.H., and Gable, C.W., 2006. Hydrothermal recharge and discharge guided by basement outcrops on 0.7–3.6 Ma seafloor east of the Juan de Fuca Ridge: observations and numerical models. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 7(7):Q07O02. doi:10.1029/​2006GC001242 Johnson, H.P., and Pruis, M.J., 2003. Fluxes of fluid and heat from the oceanic crustal reservoir. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 216(4):565–574. doi:10.1016/​S0012-821X(03)00545-4 Mottl, M.J., 2003. Partitioning of energy and mass fluxes between mid-ocean ridge axes and flanks at high and low temperature. In Halbach, P.E., Tunnicliffe, V., and Hein, J.R. (Eds.), Energy and Mass Transfer in Marine Hydrothermal Systems: Berlin (Dahlem Univ. Press), 271–286. Mottl, M.J., Wheat, G., Baker, E., Becker, N., Davis, E., Feely, R., Grehan, A., Kadko, D., Lilley, M., Massoth, G., Moyer, C., and Sansone, F., 1998. Warm springs discovered on 3.5 Ma oceanic crust, eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geology, 26(1):51–54. doi:10.1130/​0091-7613(1998)026<0051:WSDOMO>2.3.CO;2 Nedimovic, M.R., Carbotte, S.M., Diebold, J.B., Harding, A.J., Canales, J.P., and Kent, G.M., 2008. Upper crustal evolution across the Juan de Fuca Ridge flanks. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 9(9):Q09006. doi:10.1029/​2008GC002085 Parsons, B., and Sclater, J.G., 1977. An analysis of the variation of ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 82:803–827. doi:10.1029/​JB082i005p00803 Peacock, S.M., and Wang, K., 1999. Seismic consequences of warm versus cool subduction metamorphism: examples from southwest and northeast Japan. Science, 286(5441):937–939. doi:10.1126/​science.286.5441.937 Rosenberger, A., Davis, E.E., and Villinger, H., 2000. Data report: hydrocell-95 and -96 single-channel seismic data on the eastern Juan de Fuca Ridge Flank. In Fisher, A., Davis, E.E., and Escutia, C. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 168: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 9–19. doi:10.2973/​odp.proc.sr.168.021.2000 Ryan, W.B.F., Carbotte, S.M., Coplan, J.O., O'Hara, S., Melkonian, A., Arko, R., Weissel, R.A., Ferrini, V., Goodwillie, A., Nitsche, F., Bonczkowski, J., and Zemsky, R., 2009. Global multi-resolution topography synthesis. Geochem., Geophys., Geosys t., 10(3):Q03014. doi:10.1029/​2008GC002332 Stein, J.S., and Fisher, A.T., 2003. Observations and models of lateral hydrothermal circulation on a young ridge flank: numerical evaluation of thermal and chemical constraints. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 4(3):1026. doi:10.1029/​2002GC000415 Von Herzen, R.P., 2004. Geothermal evidence for continuing hydrothermal circulation in older (>60 Ma) ocean crust. In Davis, E.E., and Elderfield, H. (Eds.) Hydrogeology of the Oceanic Lithosphere: Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press), 414–450. Walker, B.D., McCarthy, M.D., Fisher, A.T., and Guilderson, T.P., 2007. Dissolved inorganic carbon isotopic composition of low-temperature axial and ridge-flank hydrothermal fluids of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Mar. Chem., 108(1–2):123–136. doi:10.1016/​j.marchem.2007.11.002 Wheat, C.G., Elderfield, H., Mottl, M.J., and Monnin, C., 2000. Chemical composition of basement fluids within an oceanic ridge flank: implications for along-strike and across-strike hydrothermal circulation. J. Geophys. Re s., [Solid Earth], 105(B6):13437–13447. doi:10.1029/​2000JB900070 Wheat, C.G., Jannasch, H.W., Kastner, M., Plant, J.N., and DeCarlo, E.H., 2003. Seawater transport and reaction in upper oceanic basaltic basement: chemical data from continuous monitoring of sealed boreholes in a ridge flank environment. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 216(4):549–564. doi:10.1016/​S0012-821X(03)00549-1 Wheat, C.G., and Mottl, M.J., 1994. Hydrothermal circulation, Juan de Fuca Ridge eastern flank: factors controlling basement water composition. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 99(B2):3067–3080. doi:10.1029/​93JB01612 Wheat, C. G., Mottl, M.J., Fisher, A.T., Kadko, D., Davis, E.E., and Baker, E., 2004. Heat flow through a basaltic outcrop on a sedimented young ridge flank. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 5(12):Q12006. doi:10.1029/​2004GC000700 Zühlsdorff, L., Hutnak, M., Fisher, A.T., Spiess, V., Davis, E.E., Nedimovic, M., Carbotte, S., Villinger, H., and Becker, K., 2005. Site surveys related to IODP Expedition 301: ImageFlux (SO149) and RetroFlux (TN116) expeditions and earlier studies. In Fisher, A.T., Urabe, T., Klaus, A., and the Expedition 301 Scientists, Proc. IODP, 301: College Station, TX (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/​iodp.proc.301.102.2005 Zühlsdorff, L., and Spiess, V., 2006. Sedimentation patterns, folding, and fluid upflow above a buried basement ridge: results from 2-D and 3-D seismic surveys at the eastern Juan de Fuca Ridge flank. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 111(B8):B08103. doi:10.1029/​2004JB003227