Nitrosothiols in bacterial pathogens and pathogenesis
Nitrosothiols in bacterial pathogens and pathogenesis
Abstract Significance: The formation and degradation of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) are important mechanisms of post-translational protein modification and appear to be ubiquitous in biology. These processes play well-characterized roles in eukaryotic cells, including a variety of pathologies and in relation to chronic conditions. We know little of the roles of these processes in pathogenic and other bacteria. Recent Advances: It is clear, mostly from growth and transcriptional studies, that bacteria sense and respond to exogenous SNOs. These responses are phenotypically and mechanistically distinct from the responses of bacteria to nitric oxide (NO) and NO-releasing agents, as well as peroxynitrite. Small SNOs, such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), are accumulated by bacteria with the result that intracellular S-nitrosoproteins (the 'S-nitrosoproteome') are detectable. Recently, conditions for endogenous SNO formation in enterobacteria have been described. Critical Issues: The propensity of intracellular proteins to form SNOs is presumably constrained by the same rules of selectivity that have been discovered in eukaryotic systems, but is also influenced by uniquely bacterial NO detoxification systems, exemplified by the flavohemoglobin Hmp in enterobacteria and NO reductase of meningococci. Furthermore, the bacterial expression of such proteins impacts upon the formation of SNOs in mammalian hosts. Future Directions: The impairment during bacterial infections of specific SNO events in the mammalian host is of considerable interest in the context of proteins involved in innate immunity and intracellular signalling. In bacteria, numerous mechanisms of S-nitrosothiol degradation have been reported (e.g., GSNO reductase); others are thought to operate, based on consideration of their mammalian counterparts. The nitrosothiols of bacteria and particularly of pathogens warrant more intensive investigation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 18, 309-322.
309-322
Laver, Jay R.
19633c56-03bc-4fb7-9eaa-15f0ada90fa4
McLean, Samantha
89e7b00c-5dd8-4101-9f4c-242883e91ffa
Bowman, Lesley A.H.
22f1b3c0-f774-4fb6-a1d1-66e098d85be4
Harrison, Laura J.
acb6ab6a-3641-4a5b-81c2-27e2789b64f7
Read, Robert C.
b5caca7b-0063-438a-b703-7ecbb6fc2b51
Poole, Robert K.
5f1f3b79-cf45-4ae6-89cd-e4259c03ae56
20 January 2013
Laver, Jay R.
19633c56-03bc-4fb7-9eaa-15f0ada90fa4
McLean, Samantha
89e7b00c-5dd8-4101-9f4c-242883e91ffa
Bowman, Lesley A.H.
22f1b3c0-f774-4fb6-a1d1-66e098d85be4
Harrison, Laura J.
acb6ab6a-3641-4a5b-81c2-27e2789b64f7
Read, Robert C.
b5caca7b-0063-438a-b703-7ecbb6fc2b51
Poole, Robert K.
5f1f3b79-cf45-4ae6-89cd-e4259c03ae56
Laver, Jay R., McLean, Samantha, Bowman, Lesley A.H., Harrison, Laura J., Read, Robert C. and Poole, Robert K.
(2013)
Nitrosothiols in bacterial pathogens and pathogenesis.
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 18 (3), .
(doi:10.1089/ars.2012.4767).
(PMID:22768799)
Abstract
Abstract Significance: The formation and degradation of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) are important mechanisms of post-translational protein modification and appear to be ubiquitous in biology. These processes play well-characterized roles in eukaryotic cells, including a variety of pathologies and in relation to chronic conditions. We know little of the roles of these processes in pathogenic and other bacteria. Recent Advances: It is clear, mostly from growth and transcriptional studies, that bacteria sense and respond to exogenous SNOs. These responses are phenotypically and mechanistically distinct from the responses of bacteria to nitric oxide (NO) and NO-releasing agents, as well as peroxynitrite. Small SNOs, such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), are accumulated by bacteria with the result that intracellular S-nitrosoproteins (the 'S-nitrosoproteome') are detectable. Recently, conditions for endogenous SNO formation in enterobacteria have been described. Critical Issues: The propensity of intracellular proteins to form SNOs is presumably constrained by the same rules of selectivity that have been discovered in eukaryotic systems, but is also influenced by uniquely bacterial NO detoxification systems, exemplified by the flavohemoglobin Hmp in enterobacteria and NO reductase of meningococci. Furthermore, the bacterial expression of such proteins impacts upon the formation of SNOs in mammalian hosts. Future Directions: The impairment during bacterial infections of specific SNO events in the mammalian host is of considerable interest in the context of proteins involved in innate immunity and intracellular signalling. In bacteria, numerous mechanisms of S-nitrosothiol degradation have been reported (e.g., GSNO reductase); others are thought to operate, based on consideration of their mammalian counterparts. The nitrosothiols of bacteria and particularly of pathogens warrant more intensive investigation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 18, 309-322.
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Published date: 20 January 2013
Organisations:
Clinical & Experimental Sciences
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Local EPrints ID: 346734
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/346734
ISSN: 1523-0864
PURE UUID: 8adc737d-e90a-4b17-8536-fb63570180a6
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Date deposited: 17 Jan 2013 11:13
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 03:42
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Author:
Jay R. Laver
Author:
Samantha McLean
Author:
Lesley A.H. Bowman
Author:
Laura J. Harrison
Author:
Robert K. Poole
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