Paper-based colorimetric enzyme linked immunosorbent assay fabricated by laser induced forward transfer

Abstract

We report the Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) of antibodies from a liquid donor film onto paper receivers for application as point-of-care diagnostic sensors. To minimise the loss of functionality of the active biomolecules during transfer, a dynamic release layer was employed to shield the biomaterial from direct exposure to the pulsed laser source. Cellulose paper was chosen as the ideal receiver because of its inherent bio-compatibility, liquid transport properties, wide availability and low cost, all of which make it an efficient and suitable platform for point-of-care diagnostic sensors. Both enzyme-tagged and untagged IgG antibodies were LIFT-printed and their functionality was confirmed via a colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Localisation of the printed antibodies was exhibited, which can allow the creation of complex 2-d patterns such as QR codes or letters for use in a final working device. Finally, a calibration curve was determined that related the intensity of the colour obtained to the concentration of active antibodies to enable quantitative assessment of the device performance. The motivation for this work was to implement a laser-based procedure for manufacturing low-cost, point-of-care diagnostic devices on paper.

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Identifiers

ORCID for Ioannis Katis: orcid.org/0000-0002-2016-557X

ORCID for Judith A. Holloway: orcid.org/0000-0002-2268-3071

ORCID for Jens Madsen: orcid.org/0000-0003-1664-7645

ORCID for Saul N. Faust: orcid.org/0000-0003-3410-7642

ORCID for Spiros D. Garbis: orcid.org/0000-0002-1050-0805

ORCID for Peter J.S. Smith: orcid.org/0000-0003-4400-6853

ORCID for David Voegeli: orcid.org/0000-0003-3457-7177

ORCID for Dan L. Bader: orcid.org/0000-0002-1208-3507

ORCID for Robert W. Eason: orcid.org/0000-0001-9704-2204

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