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A statistical analysis of circumstellar material in Type Ia supernovae

A statistical analysis of circumstellar material in Type Ia supernovae
A statistical analysis of circumstellar material in Type Ia supernovae
A key tracer of the elusive progenitor systems of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is the detection of narrow blueshifted time-varying Na i D absorption lines, interpreted as evidence of circumstellar material surrounding the progenitor system. The origin of this material is controversial, but the simplest explanation is that it results from previous mass-loss in a system containing a white dwarf and a non-degenerate companion star. We present new single-epoch intermediate-resolution spectra of 17 low-redshift SNe Ia taken with XShooter on the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope. Combining this sample with events from the literature, we confirm an excess (~20 percent) of SNe Ia displaying blueshifted narrow Na i D absorption features compared to redshifted Na i D features. The host galaxies of SNe Ia displaying blueshifted absorption profiles are skewed towards later-type galaxies, compared to SNe Ia that show no Na i D absorption and SNe Ia displaying blueshifted narrow Na i D absorption features have broader light curves. The strength of the Na i D absorption is stronger in SNe Ia displaying blueshifted Na i D absorption features than those without blueshifted features, and the strength of the blueshifted Na i D is correlated with the B - V colour of the SN at maximum light. This strongly suggests the absorbing material is local to the SN. In the context of the progenitor systems of SNe Ia, we discuss the significance of these findings and other recent observational evidence on the nature of SN Ia progenitors. We present a summary that suggests that there are at least two distinct populations of normal, cosmologically useful SNe Ia.
circumstellar matter, supernovae: general, distance scale
1365-2966
222-240
Maguire, K.
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Sullivan, M.
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Patat, F.
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Gal-Yam, A.
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Hook, I. M.
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Dhawan, S.
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Howell, D. A.
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Mazzali, P.
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Nugent, P. E.
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Pan, Y.- C.
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Podsiadlowski, P.
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Simon, J. D.
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Sternberg, A.
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Valenti, S.
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Baltay, C.
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Bersier, D.
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Blagorodnova, N.
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Chen, T.- W.
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Ellman, N.
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Feindt, U.
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Forster, F.
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Fraser, M.
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Gonzalez-Gaitan, S.
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Graham, M. L.
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Gutierrez, C.
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Hachinger, S.
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Hadjiyska, E.
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Inserra, C.
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Knapic, C.
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Laher, R. R.
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Leloudas, G.
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Margheim, S.
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McKinnon, R.
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Molinaro, M.
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Morrell, N.
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Ofek, E. O.
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Rabinowitz, D.
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Rest, A.
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Sand, D.
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Smareglia, R.
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Smartt, S. J.
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Taddia, F.
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Walker, E. S.
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Walton, N. A.
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Young, D. R.
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Maguire, K.
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Sullivan, M.
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Patat, F.
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Gal-Yam, A.
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Hook, I. M.
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Dhawan, S.
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Howell, D. A.
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Mazzali, P.
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Nugent, P. E.
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Pan, Y.- C.
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Podsiadlowski, P.
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Simon, J. D.
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Sternberg, A.
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Valenti, S.
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Baltay, C.
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Bersier, D.
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Blagorodnova, N.
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Chen, T.- W.
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Ellman, N.
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Feindt, U.
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Forster, F.
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Fraser, M.
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Gonzalez-Gaitan, S.
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Graham, M. L.
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Gutierrez, C.
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Hachinger, S.
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Hadjiyska, E.
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Inserra, C.
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Knapic, C.
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Laher, R. R.
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Leloudas, G.
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Margheim, S.
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McKinnon, R.
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Molinaro, M.
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Morrell, N.
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Ofek, E. O.
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Rabinowitz, D.
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Rest, A.
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Sand, D.
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Smareglia, R.
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Smartt, S. J.
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Taddia, F.
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Walker, E. S.
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Walton, N. A.
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Young, D. R.
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Maguire, K., Sullivan, M., Patat, F., Gal-Yam, A., Hook, I. M., Dhawan, S., Howell, D. A., Mazzali, P., Nugent, P. E., Pan, Y.- C., Podsiadlowski, P., Simon, J. D., Sternberg, A., Valenti, S., Baltay, C., Bersier, D., Blagorodnova, N., Chen, T.- W., Ellman, N., Feindt, U., Forster, F., Fraser, M., Gonzalez-Gaitan, S., Graham, M. L., Gutierrez, C., Hachinger, S., Hadjiyska, E., Inserra, C., Knapic, C., Laher, R. R., Leloudas, G., Margheim, S., McKinnon, R., Molinaro, M., Morrell, N., Ofek, E. O., Rabinowitz, D., Rest, A., Sand, D., Smareglia, R., Smartt, S. J., Taddia, F., Walker, E. S., Walton, N. A. and Young, D. R. (2013) A statistical analysis of circumstellar material in Type Ia supernovae. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 436 (1), 222-240. (doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1586).

Record type: Article

Abstract

A key tracer of the elusive progenitor systems of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is the detection of narrow blueshifted time-varying Na i D absorption lines, interpreted as evidence of circumstellar material surrounding the progenitor system. The origin of this material is controversial, but the simplest explanation is that it results from previous mass-loss in a system containing a white dwarf and a non-degenerate companion star. We present new single-epoch intermediate-resolution spectra of 17 low-redshift SNe Ia taken with XShooter on the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope. Combining this sample with events from the literature, we confirm an excess (~20 percent) of SNe Ia displaying blueshifted narrow Na i D absorption features compared to redshifted Na i D features. The host galaxies of SNe Ia displaying blueshifted absorption profiles are skewed towards later-type galaxies, compared to SNe Ia that show no Na i D absorption and SNe Ia displaying blueshifted narrow Na i D absorption features have broader light curves. The strength of the Na i D absorption is stronger in SNe Ia displaying blueshifted Na i D absorption features than those without blueshifted features, and the strength of the blueshifted Na i D is correlated with the B - V colour of the SN at maximum light. This strongly suggests the absorbing material is local to the SN. In the context of the progenitor systems of SNe Ia, we discuss the significance of these findings and other recent observational evidence on the nature of SN Ia progenitors. We present a summary that suggests that there are at least two distinct populations of normal, cosmologically useful SNe Ia.

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e-pub ahead of print date: 26 September 2013
Published date: 21 November 2013
Keywords: circumstellar matter, supernovae: general, distance scale
Organisations: Physics & Astronomy
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Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 369364
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/369364
DOI: doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1586
ISSN: 1365-2966
PURE UUID: 5ab761f7-1279-48ac-829c-4be00b921e41
ORCID for M. Sullivan: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-4820

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Date deposited: 24 Sep 2014 13:46
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 03:44

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Contributors

Author: K. Maguire
Author: M. Sullivan ORCID iD
Author: F. Patat
Author: A. Gal-Yam
Author: I. M. Hook
Author: S. Dhawan
Author: D. A. Howell
Author: P. Mazzali
Author: P. E. Nugent
Author: Y.- C. Pan
Author: P. Podsiadlowski
Author: J. D. Simon
Author: A. Sternberg
Author: S. Valenti
Author: C. Baltay
Author: D. Bersier
Author: N. Blagorodnova
Author: T.- W. Chen
Author: N. Ellman
Author: U. Feindt
Author: F. Forster
Author: M. Fraser
Author: S. Gonzalez-Gaitan
Author: M. L. Graham
Author: C. Gutierrez
Author: S. Hachinger
Author: E. Hadjiyska
Author: C. Inserra
Author: C. Knapic
Author: R. R. Laher
Author: G. Leloudas
Author: S. Margheim
Author: R. McKinnon
Author: M. Molinaro
Author: N. Morrell
Author: E. O. Ofek
Author: D. Rabinowitz
Author: A. Rest
Author: D. Sand
Author: R. Smareglia
Author: S. J. Smartt
Author: F. Taddia
Author: E. S. Walker
Author: N. A. Walton
Author: D. R. Young

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