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Osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older age

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older age
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older age
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common in older age and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Consequently, they are both attended by a considerable socioeconomic burden. Osteoporosis was defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 1994 as a bone mineral density of less than 2.5 standard deviations below the sex-specific young adult mean and this characterisation has been adopted globally. Subsequently, a further step forward was taken when bone mineral density was incorporated into fracture risk prediction algorithms, such as the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®) also developed by the WHO. In contrast, for sarcopenia there have been several diagnostic criteria suggested, initially relating to low muscle mass alone and more recently low muscle mass and muscle function. However, none of these have been universally accepted. This has led to difficulties in accurately delineating the burden of disease, exploring geographic differences, and recruiting appropriate subjects to clinical trials. There is also uncertainty about how improvement in sarcopenia should be measured in pharmaceutical trials. Reasons for these difficulties include the number of facets of muscle health available, e.g. mass, strength, function, and performance, and the various clinical outcomes to which sarcopenia can be related such as falls, fracture, disability and premature mortality. It is imperative that a universal definition of sarcopenia is reached soon to facilitate greater progress in research into this debilitating condition.
osteoporosis, sarcopenia, bone, muscle, epidemiology, definition
8756-3282
Edwards, M.H.
b81ff294-1d16-4a1b-af14-9374c5989d4c
Dennison, E.M.
ee647287-edb4-4392-8361-e59fd505b1d1
Aihie Sayer, A.
fb4c2053-6d51-4fc1-9489-c3cb431b0ffb
Fielding, R.
367db2a0-b6c3-4759-90a4-e61a246757c4
Cooper, C.
e05f5612-b493-4273-9b71-9e0ce32bdad6
Edwards, M.H.
b81ff294-1d16-4a1b-af14-9374c5989d4c
Dennison, E.M.
ee647287-edb4-4392-8361-e59fd505b1d1
Aihie Sayer, A.
fb4c2053-6d51-4fc1-9489-c3cb431b0ffb
Fielding, R.
367db2a0-b6c3-4759-90a4-e61a246757c4
Cooper, C.
e05f5612-b493-4273-9b71-9e0ce32bdad6

Edwards, M.H., Dennison, E.M., Aihie Sayer, A., Fielding, R. and Cooper, C. (2015) Osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older age. Bone. (doi:10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.016).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common in older age and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Consequently, they are both attended by a considerable socioeconomic burden. Osteoporosis was defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 1994 as a bone mineral density of less than 2.5 standard deviations below the sex-specific young adult mean and this characterisation has been adopted globally. Subsequently, a further step forward was taken when bone mineral density was incorporated into fracture risk prediction algorithms, such as the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®) also developed by the WHO. In contrast, for sarcopenia there have been several diagnostic criteria suggested, initially relating to low muscle mass alone and more recently low muscle mass and muscle function. However, none of these have been universally accepted. This has led to difficulties in accurately delineating the burden of disease, exploring geographic differences, and recruiting appropriate subjects to clinical trials. There is also uncertainty about how improvement in sarcopenia should be measured in pharmaceutical trials. Reasons for these difficulties include the number of facets of muscle health available, e.g. mass, strength, function, and performance, and the various clinical outcomes to which sarcopenia can be related such as falls, fracture, disability and premature mortality. It is imperative that a universal definition of sarcopenia is reached soon to facilitate greater progress in research into this debilitating condition.

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More information

Accepted/In Press date: 7 April 2015
e-pub ahead of print date: 14 April 2015
Keywords: osteoporosis, sarcopenia, bone, muscle, epidemiology, definition
Organisations: Human Development & Health, MRC Life-Course Epidemiology Unit

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 376861
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/376861
ISSN: 8756-3282
PURE UUID: 10736262-56b0-46ac-8acd-58b9055108ec
ORCID for E.M. Dennison: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-4961
ORCID for C. Cooper: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-0709

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 12 May 2015 13:42
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 02:45

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Contributors

Author: M.H. Edwards
Author: E.M. Dennison ORCID iD
Author: A. Aihie Sayer
Author: R. Fielding
Author: C. Cooper ORCID iD

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