Razny, Urszula, Kiec-Wilk, Beata, Polus, Anna, Goralska, Joanna, Malczewska-Malec, Malgorzata, Wnek, Dominika, Zdzienicka, Anna, Gruca, Anna, Childs, Caroline E., Kapusta, Maria, Slowinska-Solnica, Krystyna, Calder, Philip C. and Dembinska-Kiec, Aldona (2015) Effect of caloric restriction with or without n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on insulin sensitivity in obese subjects: a randomized placebo controlled trial. BBA Clinical, 1-7. (doi:10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.05.001).
Abstract
Background
Caloric restriction and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation protect from some of the metabolic complications. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of a low calorie diet with or without n-3 PUFA supplementation on glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) output and insulin sensitivity markers in obese subjects.
Methods
Obese, non-diabetic subjects (BMI 30–40 kg/m2 and aged 25–65 yr.) were put on low calorie diet (1200–1500 kcal/day) supplemented with either 1.8 g/day n-3 PUFA (DHA/EPA, 5:1) (n = 24) or placebo capsules (n = 24) for three months in a randomized placebo controlled trial. Insulin resistance markers and GIP levels were analysed from samples obtained at fasting and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
Results
Caloric restriction with n-3 PUFA led to a decrease of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and a significant reduction of insulin output as well as decreased GIP secretion during the OGTT. These effects were not seen with caloric restriction alone. Changes in GIP output were inversely associated with changes in red blood cell EPA content whereas fasting GIP level positively correlated with HOMA-IR index. Blood triglyceride level was lowered by caloric restriction with a greater effect when n-3 PUFA were included and correlated positively with fasting GIP level.
Conclusions
Three months of caloric restriction with DHA + EPA supplementation exerts beneficial effects on insulin resistance, GIP and triglycerides.
General significance
Combining caloric restriction and n-3 PUFA improves insulin sensitivity, which may be related to a decrease of GIP levels.
Abbreviations
AUC, area under curve; BMI, body mass index; DHA, docosapentaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; GIP, glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; IGI, insulinogenic index; NEFA, non esterified fatty acids; OGIS, oral glucose insulin sensitivity index; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids
More information
Identifiers
Catalogue record
Export record
Altmetrics
Contributors
Download statistics
Downloads from ePrints over the past year. Other digital versions may also be available to download e.g. from the publisher's website.